diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/__init__.py b/inventory-backend/app/__init__.py
index 780feff..babe5d4 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/__init__.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # 文件路径: inventory-backend/app/__init__.py
 
-from flask import Flask
+from flask import Flask, jsonify
 from config import Config
 from app.extensions import db, migrate, cors, jwt
 from app.api.v1.scan import scan_bp
@@ -295,4 +295,33 @@ def create_app():
         except Exception as e:
             print(f"⚠️ 模型预加载发生未知错误: {e}")
 
+    # =========================================================
+    # 4. 全局异常处理（面向生产：不泄露堆栈）
+    # =========================================================
+    import logging
+    import traceback
+
+    @app.errorhandler(ValueError)
+    def handle_value_error(e):
+        """业务校验异常 → 400 + 自定义消息"""
+        return jsonify({'code': 400, 'msg': str(e)}), 400
+
+    @app.errorhandler(404)
+    def handle_not_found(e):
+        return jsonify({'code': 404, 'msg': '资源不存在'}), 404
+
+    @app.errorhandler(405)
+    def handle_method_not_allowed(e):
+        return jsonify({'code': 405, 'msg': '请求方法不允许'}), 405
+
+    @app.errorhandler(Exception)
+    def handle_unhandled_exception(e):
+        """兜底：任何未捕获异常 → 500 + 通用消息，堆栈仅记录日志"""
+        app.logger.error(f"Unhandled exception: {type(e).__name__}: {e}\n{traceback.format_exc()}")
+        return jsonify({
+            'code': 500,
+            'msg': '系统繁忙，请稍后再试',
+            'error': 'Internal Server Error'
+        }), 500
+
     return app
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
index ba4cf24..809ce9c 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class MaterialBase(db.Model):
 
     # 1. 基础字段
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    company_name = db.Column(db.String(255), comment='所属公司')
+    company_name = db.Column(db.String(255), index=True, comment='所属公司')  # ★ 多租户过滤高频列
 
     name = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False, index=True, comment='名称')    # ★ 模糊搜索/精确定位高频列
     common_name = db.Column(db.String(255), comment='俗名')
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class MaterialBase(db.Model):
     manual_link_remark = db.Column(db.Text, default='', comment='说明书备注')
 
     # 启用状态
-    is_enabled = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True, comment='是否启用')
+    is_enabled = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True, index=True, comment='是否启用')  # ★ 状态过滤高频列
 
     # 强制质检标记（采购入库时必须上传检测报告）
     is_inspection_required = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False, comment='是否强制要求质检')
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
index f437815..ffc11ee 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class BomTable(db.Model):
     remark = db.Column(db.Text, comment='备注')
 
     # ★ 新增：启用状态
-    is_enabled = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True, comment='是否启用')
+    is_enabled = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True, index=True, comment='是否启用')  # ★ 状态过滤高频列
 
     # 约束: 保证同一版本下的父子对唯一，允许不同版本存在
     __table_args__ = (
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/services/inbound/base_service.py b/inventory-backend/app/services/inbound/base_service.py
index 561cab0..0e02570 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/services/inbound/base_service.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/services/inbound/base_service.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from app.models.inbound.buy import StockBuy
 from app.models.inbound.semi import StockSemi
 from app.models.inbound.product import StockProduct
 # from app.models.inbound.service import StockService
+from app.models.bom import BomTable
 from sqlalchemy import or_, and_, func, case, desc, asc, cast, Numeric, text
 import traceback
 import json
@@ -746,8 +747,11 @@ class MaterialBaseService:
             buy_usage_count = StockBuy.query.filter_by(base_id=m_id).count()
             semi_usage_count = StockSemi.query.filter_by(base_id=m_id).count()
             prod_usage_count = StockProduct.query.filter_by(base_id=m_id).count()
+            bom_usage_count = BomTable.query.filter(
+                or_(BomTable.parent_id == m_id, BomTable.child_id == m_id)
+            ).count()
 
-            total_usage = buy_usage_count + semi_usage_count + prod_usage_count
+            total_usage = buy_usage_count + semi_usage_count + prod_usage_count + bom_usage_count
 
             if total_usage > 0:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -755,7 +759,8 @@ class MaterialBaseService:
                     f"- 采购库存记录: {buy_usage_count} 条\n"
                     f"- 半成品库存记录: {semi_usage_count} 条\n"
                     f"- 成品库存记录: {prod_usage_count} 条\n"
-                    f"请先清理相关库存或仅‘禁用’此条目。"
+                    f"- BOM配方引用: {bom_usage_count} 条\n"
+                    f"请先清理相关库存/BOM绑定或仅「禁用」此条目。"
                 )
 
             # 删除时同步清理向量记录