diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
index 8607848..e96de80 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/base.py
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class MaterialBase(db.Model):
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
     company_name = db.Column(db.String(255), comment='所属公司')
 
-    name = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False, comment='名称')
+    name = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False, index=True, comment='名称')    # ★ 模糊搜索/精确定位高频列
     common_name = db.Column(db.String(255), comment='俗名')
-    category = db.Column(db.String(100), comment='类别')
-    material_type = db.Column(db.String(100), comment='类型')
-    spec_model = db.Column(db.String(255), comment='规格型号')
+    category = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True, comment='类别')              # ★ 分类统计/过滤高频列
+    material_type = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True, comment='类型')          # ★ 类型分组/过滤高频列
+    spec_model = db.Column(db.String(255), index=True, comment='规格型号')          # ★ 模糊搜索/精确匹配高频列
     unit = db.Column(db.String(50), comment='计量单位')
 
     # 可见等级
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
index d61c5e8..74a1f02 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/bom.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ class BomTable(db.Model):
     __tablename__ = 'bom_table'
 
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    parent_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False)
-    child_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False)
+    parent_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False, index=True)  # ★ 父子件关联高频列
+    child_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False, index=True)    # ★ 子件过滤高频列
 
-    bom_no = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False, comment='BOM编号')
-    version = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False, default='V1.0', comment='版本')
+    bom_no = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False, index=True, comment='BOM编号')  # ★ Redis 缓存 Key + 列表查询核心列
+    version = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False, default='V1.0', index=True, comment='版本')  # ★ 配合 bom_no 做唯一性约束
 
     dosage = db.Column(db.Numeric(19, 4), comment='个数')
     loss_rate = db.Column(db.Numeric(5, 2), comment='损耗率%', default=0, nullable=True)
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/buy.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/buy.py
index 866a447..e323937 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/buy.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/buy.py
@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ class StockBuy(db.Model):
     __tablename__ = 'stock_buy'
 
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False)
+    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False, index=True)  # ★ 批量 IN 查询高频列
 
     # 身份标识
-    sku = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    sku = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)      # ★ 条码/SKU 快速定位
     in_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
-    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)  # ★ 条码扫码查询高频列
     serial_number = db.Column(db.String(100))
     batch_number = db.Column(db.String(100))
 
     # 状态
-    status = db.Column(db.String(50), default='在库')
+    status = db.Column(db.String(50), index=True)    # ★ 在库/锁定 过滤条件
     inspection_status = db.Column(db.String(50))
-    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)  # ★ 按库位分组/过滤
 
     # 数量
     in_quantity = db.Column(db.Numeric(19, 4), default=0)
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/product.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/product.py
index d15cd24..bc77ee9 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/product.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/product.py
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ class StockProduct(db.Model):
     __tablename__ = 'stock_product'
 
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False)
+    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False, index=True)  # ★ 批量 IN 查询高频列
 
     # 身份标识
-    sku = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    sku = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)       # ★ SKU 快速定位
     production_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
-    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)   # ★ 条码扫码查询高频列
     serial_number = db.Column(db.String(100))
 
     # 数量
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class StockProduct(db.Model):
     available_quantity = db.Column(db.Numeric(19, 4), default=0)
 
     # 状态与位置
-    status = db.Column(db.String(50))
-    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    status = db.Column(db.String(50), index=True)     # ★ 在库/锁定 过滤条件
+    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)  # ★ 按库位分组/过滤
 
     # 生产与成本
     bom_code = db.Column('bom_id', db.String(100))
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/semi.py b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/semi.py
index 92794a9..c1942dd 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/semi.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/models/inbound/semi.py
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ class StockSemi(db.Model):
     __tablename__ = 'stock_semi'
 
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
-    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False)
+    base_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('material_base.id'), nullable=False, index=True)  # ★ 批量 IN 查询高频列
 
-    sku = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    sku = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)       # ★ SKU 快速定位
     production_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
-    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    barcode = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)    # ★ 条码扫码查询高频列
     serial_number = db.Column(db.String(100))
     batch_number = db.Column(db.String(100))
 
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ class StockSemi(db.Model):
     available_quantity = db.Column(db.Numeric(19, 4), default=0)
 
     # 状态与位置
-    status = db.Column(db.String(50))
-    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100))
+    status = db.Column(db.String(50), index=True)      # ★ 在库/锁定 过滤条件
+    warehouse_location = db.Column(db.String(100), index=True)  # ★ 按库位分组/过滤
 
     # 半成品特有字段
     bom_code = db.Column('bom_id', db.String(100))