diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/api/v1/warehouse.py b/inventory-backend/app/api/v1/warehouse.py
index 6b7a351..53d5fe8 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/api/v1/warehouse.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/api/v1/warehouse.py
@@ -10,23 +10,25 @@ warehouse_bp = Blueprint('warehouse', __name__, url_prefix='/api/v1/warehouse')
 
 def build_tree(nodes, parent_id=None):
     """
-    将平铺的数据构建为树形结构
+    将平铺的数据构建为树形结构（O(N) 内存组装，避免递归时每层全量扫描导致 O(N²)）
+
+    做法：先把全部节点按 parent_id 分组到 Map，再从根出发逐层用 Map 取子节点组装。
+    每个节点只被处理一次，显著快于"每次递归 for 遍历全表"的旧实现。
     """
-    tree = []
+    by_parent = {}
     for node in nodes:
-        if node.parent_id == parent_id:
-            children = build_tree(nodes, node.id)
-            node_dict = node.to_dict()
-            if children:
-                # 子节点按 name 升序排序
-                children_sorted = sorted(children, key=lambda x: x.get('name', ''))
-                node_dict['children'] = children_sorted
-            else:
-                node_dict['children'] = []
-            tree.append(node_dict)
-    # 当前层级按 name 升序排序
-    tree_sorted = sorted(tree, key=lambda x: x.get('name', ''))
-    return tree_sorted
+        by_parent.setdefault(node.parent_id, []).append(node)
+
+    def assemble(pid):
+        kids = sorted(by_parent.get(pid, []), key=lambda x: (x.name or ''))
+        out = []
+        for k in kids:
+            d = k.to_dict()
+            d['children'] = assemble(k.id)
+            out.append(d)
+        return out
+
+    return assemble(parent_id)
 
 
 @warehouse_bp.route('/tree', methods=['GET'])