diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/services/approval_control.py b/inventory-backend/app/services/approval_control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e8327b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/services/approval_control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+from app.models.base import MaterialBase
+
+
+def _code_of(spec):
+    """取规格的首段编码（'S0013/S0013' -> 'S0013'；'S0013' -> 'S0013'）"""
+    s = (spec or '').strip()
+    if not s:
+        return ''
+    return s.split('/')[0].strip().upper()
+
+
+def _materials_flagged():
+    """一次性取出所有“启用且需审批”的物料（量小，逐项判定前先全量拉一次）"""
+    rows = MaterialBase.query.filter(
+        MaterialBase.is_enabled == True,
+        MaterialBase.is_approval_required == True
+    ).all()
+    return rows
+
+
+def _is_int(v):
+    try:
+        int(v)
+        return True
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+
+def resolve_approval_control(items):
+    """
+    判断一批出库/借库申请明细是否需要审批。
+
+    判定优先级：
+      1) 方案1（最高）：明细带有效 base_id → 直接按物料主键查 is_approval_required，
+         且只要有有效 ID，无论命中与否都不再做任何字符串兜底（杜绝同名/同规格误杀）。
+      2) 方案2（无 ID 兜底）：名称必须 100% 精确一致 AND 核心规格一致（斜杠前段，
+         或前端未传规格视为防呆拦截），两条件同时成立才判定命中。
+    """
+    flagged = []
+    seen = set()
+
+    def _record(m_obj, req_name):
+        if m_obj.id in seen:
+            return
+        seen.add(m_obj.id)
+        flagged.append({
+            'name': m_obj.name or req_name,
+            'spec_model': m_obj.spec_model or '',
+            'base_id': m_obj.id,
+        })
+
+    # 1. 查出所有“启用且需审批”的危险物料库
+    flagged_materials = _materials_flagged()
+
+    for item in items or []:
+        name = str(item.get('name') or '').strip()
+        spec = str(item.get('spec_model') or '').strip()
+        base_id = item.get('base_id')
+
+        # --- 方案 1：最高优先级，依据 base_id 绝对判定 ---
+        if base_id is not None:
+            bid = int(base_id) if _is_int(base_id) else 0
+            if bid > 0:
+                m = MaterialBase.query.get(bid)
+                if m and m.is_enabled and m.is_approval_required:
+                    _record(m, name)
+                # ★ 关键：只要有有效 ID，无论是否需审批，绝不允许往下走字符串兜底
+                continue
+
+        # --- 方案 2：无 ID 时的降级兜底 (名称精确相等 AND 核心规格相等) ---
+        if not name:
+            continue
+
+        # 提取当前申请行的核心规格
+        req_core_spec = _code_of(spec)
+
+        for fm in flagged_materials:
+            # 条件 A：名称必须 100% 绝对一致
+            if fm.name != name:
+                continue
+
+            # 条件 B：核心规格一致 (或前端未传规格视为防呆拦截)
+            fm_core_spec = _code_of(fm.spec_model)
+            if not req_core_spec or req_core_spec == fm_core_spec:
+                _record(fm, name)
+                break  # 命中即判定本申请行需审批，跳出内层循环
+
+    return bool(flagged), flagged
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/services/borrow_service.py b/inventory-backend/app/services/borrow_service.py
index 2e5c436..9f77335 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/services/borrow_service.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/services/borrow_service.py
@@ -104,9 +104,11 @@ class BorrowApprovalService:
                 raise ValueError(f"第 {idx + 1} 条物品的 quantity 格式无效: {str(e)}")
 
         # ★ 需审批判定：明细含“出库/借库需审批”物料 → 走原审批流程；否则默认自动通过
-        need_approval = BorrowApprovalService._items_require_approval(items)
+        from app.services.approval_control import resolve_approval_control
+        need_approval, flagged_materials = resolve_approval_control(items)
         if need_approval and not approver_id:
-            raise ValueError("该申请包含需审批的物料，请选择审批人后再提交")
+            _names = "；".join(f"{m['name']}（{m['spec_model'] or '-'}）" for m in flagged_materials)
+            raise ValueError(f"以下物料需审批出库/借库：{_names}。请选择审批人后再提交")
 
         if approver_id:
             allowed_approvers = [{"type": "user", "value": int(approver_id)}]
diff --git a/inventory-backend/app/services/outbound_service.py b/inventory-backend/app/services/outbound_service.py
index ec68816..1818116 100644
--- a/inventory-backend/app/services/outbound_service.py
+++ b/inventory-backend/app/services/outbound_service.py
@@ -773,9 +773,11 @@ class OutboundApprovalService:
                 raise ValueError(f"第 {idx + 1} 条物品的 quantity 格式无效: {str(e)}")
 
         # ★ 需审批判定：明细含“出库/借库需审批”物料 → 走原审批流程；否则默认自动通过
-        need_approval = OutboundApprovalService._items_require_approval(items)
+        from app.services.approval_control import resolve_approval_control
+        need_approval, flagged_materials = resolve_approval_control(items)
         if need_approval and not approver_id:
-            raise ValueError("该申请包含需审批的物料，请选择审批人后再提交")
+            _names = "；".join(f"{m['name']}（{m['spec_model'] or '-'}）" for m in flagged_materials)
+            raise ValueError(f"以下物料需审批出库/借库：{_names}。请选择审批人后再提交")
 
         # ★ 指定审批人模式：approver_id 覆盖 allowed_approvers
         if approver_id: