diff --git a/src/core/glint_removal/Goodman.py b/src/core/glint_removal/Goodman.py
index cc154f2..dbb79b3 100644
--- a/src/core/glint_removal/Goodman.py
+++ b/src/core/glint_removal/Goodman.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ except ImportError:
     GDAL_AVAILABLE = False
     print("警告: GDAL未安装，将使用numpy处理模式")
 
-from src.utils.util import find_band_number
+from src.utils.util import find_band_number, create_output_dataset
 
 try:
     from tqdm import tqdm
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ class Goodman:
     def __init__(self, im_aligned,
                  nir_lower_wavelength=641.93, nir_upper_wavelength=751.49,
                  A=0.000019, B=0.1,
-                 use_gdal=True, chunk_size=None, water_mask=None, output_path=None):
+                 use_gdal=True, chunk_size=None, water_mask=None, output_path=None,
+                 block_size=1000):
         """
         Goodman 耀斑去除算法 — 波长驱动版。
 
@@ -90,6 +91,13 @@ class Goodman:
         self.chunk_size = chunk_size
         self.is_file_path = isinstance(im_aligned, str)
         self.output_path = output_path
+        self.block_size = block_size
+
+        # ★ v3：掩膜不再整幅驻留——栅格路径保留 GDAL band 句柄，按需分块读
+        self._mask_ds = None
+        self._wm_band = None
+        self._wm_np = None
+        self._wm_temp = None  # SHP 临时栅格（需清理）
 
         # ── 波长驱动：通过 HDR 元数据动态解析波段索引 ──
         if self.is_file_path:
@@ -123,90 +131,70 @@ class Goodman:
             self.width = im_aligned.shape[1]
             self.n_bands = im_aligned.shape[-1]
         
-        # 加载水域掩膜（在获取图像尺寸之后）
-        self.water_mask = self._load_water_mask(water_mask)
+        # 加载水域掩膜（★ v3：仅打开句柄/保留引用，绝不整幅 ReadAsArray 驻留）
+        self.water_mask_path = water_mask
+        self.water_mask = None
+        self._open_mask()
     
-    def _load_water_mask(self, water_mask):
+    def _open_mask(self):
+        """打开水域掩膜，但绝不整幅 ReadAsArray 驻留。
+
+        栅格路径 → 保留 GDAL dataset/band 句柄（_wm_band），按需分块读取；
+        np.ndarray（外部已驻留）→ 转 bool 后保留 _wm_np，按窗口切片；
+        .shp（需与栅格同投影）→ 用 extract_water_area 的原生栅格化写临时 GTiff。
         """
-        加载水域掩膜
-        
-        :param water_mask: 可以是None、numpy数组、文件路径(.dat/.tif)或shapefile路径(.shp)
-        :return: numpy数组或None，1表示水域，0表示非水域
-        """
-        if water_mask is None:
-            return None
-        
-        # 如果已经是numpy数组
-        if isinstance(water_mask, np.ndarray):
-            if water_mask.shape[:2] != (self.height, self.width):
-                raise ValueError(f"掩膜尺寸 {water_mask.shape[:2]} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配")
-            return (water_mask > 0).astype(np.uint8)  # 确保是0/1掩膜
-        
-        # 如果是文件路径
-        if isinstance(water_mask, str):
+        if self._wm_band is not None or self._wm_np is not None:
+            return
+        wm = self.water_mask_path
+        if wm is None:
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(wm, np.ndarray):
+            if wm.shape[:2] != (self.height, self.width):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"掩膜尺寸 {wm.shape[:2]} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配")
+            self._wm_np = wm > 0
+            return
+
+        if isinstance(wm, str):
             if not GDAL_AVAILABLE:
                 raise ValueError("使用文件路径作为掩膜时，必须安装GDAL")
-            
-            # 检查是否为shapefile
-            if water_mask.lower().endswith('.shp'):
-                # 从shp文件创建掩膜
-                if self.is_file_path:
-                    ref_path = self.im_aligned
-                else:
+            src = wm
+            if wm.lower().endswith('.shp'):
+                if not self.is_file_path:
                     raise ValueError("输入为numpy数组时，无法从shp文件创建掩膜（需要参考栅格）")
-                
-                try:
-                    from osgeo import ogr
-                    ref_dataset = gdal.Open(ref_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
-                    if ref_dataset is None:
-                        raise ValueError(f"无法打开参考栅格文件: {ref_path}")
-                    
-                    geotransform = ref_dataset.GetGeoTransform()
-                    projection = ref_dataset.GetProjection()
-                    width = ref_dataset.RasterXSize
-                    height = ref_dataset.RasterYSize
-                    
-                    # 创建内存中的栅格数据集
-                    mem_driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('MEM')
-                    mask_dataset = mem_driver.Create('', width, height, 1, gdal.GDT_Byte)
-                    mask_dataset.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
-                    mask_dataset.SetProjection(projection)
-                    
-                    mask_band = mask_dataset.GetRasterBand(1)
-                    mask_band.Fill(0)
-                    
-                    # 打开shp文件
-                    shp_dataset = ogr.Open(water_mask)
-                    if shp_dataset is None:
-                        raise ValueError(f"无法打开shp文件: {water_mask}")
-                    
-                    layer = shp_dataset.GetLayer()
-                    gdal.RasterizeLayer(mask_dataset, [1], layer, burn_values=[1])
-                    
-                    water_mask_array = mask_band.ReadAsArray()
-                    
-                    ref_dataset = None
-                    mask_dataset = None
-                    shp_dataset = None
-                    
-                    return (water_mask_array > 0).astype(np.uint8)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    raise ValueError(f"从shp文件创建掩膜时出错: {e}")
-            else:
-                # 栅格文件
-                mask_dataset = gdal.Open(water_mask, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
-                if mask_dataset is None:
-                    raise ValueError(f"无法打开掩膜文件: {water_mask}")
-                
-                mask_array = mask_dataset.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()
-                mask_dataset = None
-                
-                if mask_array.shape != (self.height, self.width):
-                    raise ValueError(f"掩膜尺寸 {mask_array.shape} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配")
-                
-                return (mask_array > 0).astype(np.uint8)
-        
-        raise ValueError(f"不支持的掩膜类型: {type(water_mask)}")
+                self._wm_temp = (self.output_path or self.im_aligned) + '__wm.tif'
+                from src.utils.extract_water_area import rasterize_shp
+                rasterize_shp(wm, self._wm_temp, self.im_aligned)
+                src = self._wm_temp
+            self._mask_ds = gdal.Open(src, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
+            if self._mask_ds is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"无法打开掩膜文件: {wm}")
+            band = self._mask_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
+            if band.XSize != self.width or band.YSize != self.height:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"掩膜尺寸 {(band.YSize, band.XSize)} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配")
+            self._wm_band = band
+            return
+
+        raise ValueError(f"不支持的掩膜类型: {type(wm)}")
+
+    def _read_mask_block(self, x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size):
+        """分块读取掩膜布尔数组（True=水体）；无掩膜时返回 None。"""
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            arr = self._wm_band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+            return (arr > 0)
+        if self._wm_np is not None:
+            return self._wm_np[y_off:y_off + y_size, x_off:x_off + x_size]
+        return None
+
+    def _legacy_full_mask_bool(self):
+        """仅供小图/数组模式的旧全幅路径使用；大影像分块模式不会调用。"""
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            return self._wm_band.ReadAsArray() > 0
+        return self._wm_np
 
     def _get_corrected_bands_numpy(self):
         """
@@ -224,8 +212,8 @@ class Goodman:
         diff_640_750 = R_640 - R_750
         corrected_bands = []
         
-        # 获取水域掩膜（如果存在）
-        water_mask_bool = self.water_mask.astype(bool) if self.water_mask is not None else None
+        # 获取水域掩膜（numpy 数组模式直接引用 _wm_np）
+        water_mask_bool = self._wm_np if self._wm_np is not None else None
         
         # 逐波段处理：每次只处理一个波段，处理完后立即添加到结果列表
         for i in tqdm(range(self.n_bands), desc="处理波段 (numpy)", total=self.n_bands, disable=_is_frozen_gui):
@@ -267,8 +255,8 @@ class Goodman:
         diff_640_750 = R_640 - R_750
         del R_640  # 释放不再需要的 R_640
 
-        # 水域掩膜 + 水体占比检测（控制行段跳跃模式）
-        water = self.water_mask.astype(bool) if self.water_mask is not None else None
+        # 水域掩膜 + 水体占比检测（★ 旧全幅路径：仅无 output_path 的传统返回列表模式）
+        water = self._legacy_full_mask_bool()
         water_pct = (100.0 * np.count_nonzero(water) / water.size) if water is not None else 100.0
 
         # 行段跳跃: 水域占比 < 50% 时启用
@@ -400,15 +388,8 @@ class Goodman:
         else:
             bsq_path = self.output_path
         
-        # 使用ENVI驱动（默认就是BSQ格式）
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        if driver is None:
-            raise ValueError("无法创建ENVI格式文件，ENVI驱动不可用")
-        
-        # 创建ENVI格式数据集（会自动生成.hdr文件）
-        dataset = driver.Create(bsq_path, width, height, n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
-        if dataset is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"无法创建输出文件: {bsq_path}")
+        # 创建输出数据集（大图自动用 GTiff+BIGTIFF，规避 ENVI int32 偏移溢出）
+        dataset = create_output_dataset(bsq_path, width, height, n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
         
         try:
             # 设置地理变换和投影
@@ -461,28 +442,23 @@ class Goodman:
                 return self._get_corrected_bands_numpy()
     
     def _get_corrected_bands_streaming(self):
-        """流式处理：逐波段校正并直接写入输出文件，不累积内存
+        """★ v3 分块流式：块外循环 × 波段内循环 × 掩膜分块读 × 逐块写盘。
 
-        适用于大尺度影像（如 6522×13215×150）。
-        内存峰值 ≈ 3 个全波段数组（NIR×2 + 当前波段），而非全部 150 个波段。
+        不再整幅驻留 R640/R750/diff 或整幅掩膜；每块只驻留 block_size² 数据，
+        与 Hedley/Kutser/SUGAR 的分块范式完全对齐，内存恒定。
 
-        :return: None（波段已在输出文件中）
+        :return: None（波段已写入输出文件）
         """
         import os
 
-        # ── 创建输出文件 ──
         base_path, ext = os.path.splitext(self.output_path)
         bsq_path = base_path + '.bsq' if ext.lower() != '.bsq' else self.output_path
         output_dir = os.path.dirname(bsq_path)
         if output_dir and not os.path.exists(output_dir):
             os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        out_ds = driver.Create(
-            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32
-        )
-        if out_ds is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"无法创建输出文件: {bsq_path}")
+        out_ds = create_output_dataset(
+            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
 
         # ── 设置地理参考 ──
         if self.is_file_path and self.dataset is not None:
@@ -490,22 +466,85 @@ class Goodman:
             out_ds.SetProjection(self.dataset.GetProjection())
 
         try:
-            # 逐波段处理 + 立即写入（波段在 _get_corrected_bands_gdal 的循环中
-            # 由 WriteArray 写入 → FlushCache → del，不会累积）
-            self._get_corrected_bands_gdal(out_dataset=out_ds)
+            self._run_block_correction(out_ds)
         finally:
             out_ds = None  # 关闭文件，确保数据落盘
+            if self._wm_temp is not None and os.path.exists(self._wm_temp):
+                try:
+                    os.remove(self._wm_temp)
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+                self._wm_temp = None
 
-        # ── 日志 ──
         hdr_path = bsq_path + '.hdr'
         if os.path.exists(hdr_path):
-            print(f"校正后的图像已保存至: {bsq_path} (BSQ格式, 流式写入)")
+            print(f"校正后的图像已保存至: {bsq_path} (BSQ格式, 分块流式写入)")
         else:
             print(f"校正后的图像已保存至: {bsq_path} (BSQ格式)")
             print("警告: 未检测到.hdr文件，但GDAL应该已自动创建")
 
         return None
 
+    def _run_block_correction(self, out_ds):
+        """整幅宽 × 大行带（row-band）顺序流式校正（性能优化 v4）。
+
+        原 v3 按"1000×1000 x块 × 波段"小窗写入，且每块每波段 FlushCache，
+        导致 ~10 万次磁盘同步 + 大量小 strip 随机写 → 大图极慢。
+        现改为整幅宽、2048 行/条的行带：
+          - 外层逐行带、内层逐波段，每波段在该行带内只读/写一次连续大块（顺序 IO）
+          - 每波段每条行带只 FlushCache 一次（总落盘 ≈ 150 × 17 ≈ 2600 次）
+        内存恒定：行带(2048×宽) 参考波段 float + 单波段 float ≈ 1~1.5GB。
+
+        Goodman 公式为纯逐像素运算（无全局统计）：
+            R_corrected = R - R750 + A + B * (R640 - R750)
+        有掩膜时仅对水体像素应用校正，陆地保留原值；全程保持非负。
+        """
+        row_band = 2048
+        band_640 = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(self.NIR_lower + 1)
+        band_750 = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(self.NIR_upper + 1)
+
+        n_bands = self.n_bands
+        n_rows = (self.height + row_band - 1) // row_band
+        import time as _t
+        _p_t0 = _t.time()
+        _est_gb = self.width * self.height * n_bands * 4 / 2**30
+        print(f"[Goodman] 行带流式校正启动: {n_rows} 条行带 × {n_bands} 波段, "
+              f"输出约 {_est_gb:.0f}GB。", flush=True)
+
+        for ri, y_off in enumerate(range(0, self.height, row_band)):
+            ys = min(row_band, self.height - y_off)
+
+            R640 = band_640.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, ys).astype(np.float32)
+            R750 = band_750.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, ys).astype(np.float32)
+            diff = R640 - R750
+            del R640
+            maskb = self._read_mask_block(0, y_off, self.width, ys)
+
+            for i in range(n_bands):
+                band = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1)
+                R = band.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, ys).astype(np.float32)
+
+                corr = R - R750 + self.A + self.B * diff
+                np.maximum(corr, 0.0, out=corr)
+                if maskb is not None:
+                    corr = np.where(maskb, corr, R)
+                    np.maximum(corr, 0.0, out=corr)
+
+                ob = out_ds.GetRasterBand(i + 1)
+                ob.WriteArray(corr.astype(np.float32), 0, y_off)
+                ob.FlushCache()
+                del R, corr
+
+            del R750, diff
+
+            if not _is_frozen_gui and (ri == 0 or (ri + 1) % max(1, n_rows // 10) == 0
+                                       or ri == n_rows - 1):
+                _el = _t.time() - _p_t0
+                _eta = _el / (ri + 1) * (n_rows - ri - 1)
+                print(f"  [Goodman] 行带 {ri + 1}/{n_rows} "
+                      f"(已用 {_el:.0f}s, 预计剩余 {_eta:.0f}s)", flush=True)
+        return None
+
     def __del__(self):
         """清理资源"""
         if self.dataset is not None and self.is_file_path:
diff --git a/src/core/glint_removal/Hedley.py b/src/core/glint_removal/Hedley.py
index 94db60b..8889fcf 100644
--- a/src/core/glint_removal/Hedley.py
+++ b/src/core/glint_removal/Hedley.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     GDAL_AVAILABLE = False
 
-from src.utils.util import find_band_number
+from src.utils.util import find_band_number, create_output_dataset
 
 
 class Hedley:
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ class Hedley:
         print(f"[Hedley] 波段解析: NIR={float(nir_wavelength):.1f}nm→band{self.NIR_band}")
         self.water_mask = None
         self.water_mask_path = water_mask
+        # ★ v3：掩膜不再整幅驻留——栅格路径保留 GDAL band 句柄，按需分块读
+        self._mask_ds = None
+        self._wm_band = None
+        self._wm_np = None
         self.output_path = output_path
         self.block_size = block_size
         self.R_min = None
@@ -49,32 +53,46 @@ class Hedley:
         self.height = self.dataset.RasterYSize
         self.n_bands = self.dataset.RasterCount
 
-    def _load_water_mask(self):
-        """延迟加载水域掩膜"""
+    def _open_mask(self):
+        """打开水域掩膜，但绝不整幅 ReadAsArray 驻留。
+
+        栅格路径 → 保留 GDAL dataset/band 句柄（_wm_band），按需分块读取；
+        np.ndarray（外部已驻留）→ 转 bool 后保留 _wm_np，按窗口切片。
+        """
+        if self._wm_band is not None or self._wm_np is not None:
+            return
         if self.water_mask_path is None:
-            return None
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, np.ndarray):
             if self.water_mask_path.shape[:2] != (self.height, self.width):
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"掩膜尺寸 {self.water_mask_path.shape[:2]} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (self.water_mask_path > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_np = self.water_mask_path > 0
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, str):
             if self.water_mask_path.lower().endswith('.shp'):
                 raise ValueError("请先栅格化shapefile为栅格掩膜文件")
-            mask_dataset = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
-            if mask_dataset is None:
+            self._mask_ds = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
+            if self._mask_ds is None:
                 raise ValueError(f"无法打开掩膜文件: {self.water_mask_path}")
-            mask_array = mask_dataset.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()
-            mask_dataset = None
-            if mask_array.shape != (self.height, self.width):
+            band = self._mask_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
+            if band.XSize != self.width or band.YSize != self.height:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"掩膜尺寸 {mask_array.shape} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
+                    f"掩膜尺寸 {(band.YSize, band.XSize)} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (mask_array > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_band = band
 
+    def _read_mask_block(self, x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size):
+        """分块读取掩膜布尔数组（True=水体）；无掩膜时返回 None。"""
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            arr = self._wm_band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+            return (arr > 0)
+        if self._wm_np is not None:
+            return self._wm_np[y_off:y_off + y_size, x_off:x_off + x_size]
         return None
 
     def covariance_NIR(self, NIR, b):
@@ -93,7 +111,7 @@ class Hedley:
         使用重采样方式扫描，大幅降低内存占用。
         """
         print(f"[Hedley] 扫描全局统计量（采样步长={sample_step}）...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         nir_samples = []
         sample_count = 0
@@ -106,10 +124,9 @@ class Hedley:
             nir_block = nir_band.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, block_height)
             nir_band = None
 
-            if water_mask is not None:
-                mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, :]
-                mask_bool = mask_block.astype(bool)
-            else:
+            # 掩膜同步分块读取（不再整幅驻留）
+            mask_bool = self._read_mask_block(0, y_off, self.width, block_height)
+            if mask_bool is None:
                 mask_bool = np.ones((block_height, self.width), dtype=bool)
 
             if mask_bool.any():
@@ -117,7 +134,7 @@ class Hedley:
                 nir_samples.append(nir_sampled)
                 sample_count += nir_sampled.size
 
-            del nir_block, mask_block
+            del nir_block
 
         if sample_count == 0:
             self.R_min = 0.0
@@ -136,7 +153,7 @@ class Hedley:
         由于需要相关性计算，需要足够多的样本，取sample_step=5
         """
         print(f"[Hedley] 计算全局协方差系数列表（采样步长={sample_step}）...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         # 预收集NIR和每个波段的样本数据
         nir_samples = []
@@ -151,11 +168,9 @@ class Hedley:
             nir_block = nir_band.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, block_height).astype(np.float32)
             nir_band = None
 
-            # 取 NIR 样本（每块只取一次，放在波段循环外）
-            if water_mask is not None:
-                mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, :]
-                mask_bool = mask_block.astype(bool)
-            else:
+            # 取 NIR 样本（每块只取一次，放在波段循环外；掩膜同步分块读）
+            mask_bool = self._read_mask_block(0, y_off, self.width, block_height)
+            if mask_bool is None:
                 mask_bool = np.ones((block_height, self.width), dtype=bool)
 
             if mask_bool.any():
@@ -208,14 +223,8 @@ class Hedley:
         # 预计算 NIR - R_min
         NIR_diff = NIR - self.R_min
 
-        # 获取掩膜
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
-        if water_mask is not None:
-            y_end = y_off + y_size
-            x_end = x_off + x_size
-            mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, x_off:x_end].astype(bool)
-        else:
-            mask_block = None
+        # 获取掩膜（同步分块读取，不再整幅驻留）
+        mask_block = self._read_mask_block(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
 
         # 逐波段处理
         corrected_bands = []
@@ -262,11 +271,8 @@ class Hedley:
         geotransform = self.dataset.GetGeoTransform()
         projection = self.dataset.GetProjection()
 
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        out_dataset = driver.Create(bsq_path, self.width, self.height,
-                                     self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
-        if out_dataset is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"无法创建输出文件: {bsq_path}")
+        out_dataset = create_output_dataset(
+            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
 
         out_dataset.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
         out_dataset.SetProjection(projection)
diff --git a/src/core/glint_removal/Kutser.py b/src/core/glint_removal/Kutser.py
index e27c7db..3fc19e2 100644
--- a/src/core/glint_removal/Kutser.py
+++ b/src/core/glint_removal/Kutser.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     GDAL_AVAILABLE = False
 
-from src.utils.util import find_band_number
+from src.utils.util import find_band_number, create_output_dataset
 
 
 class Kutser:
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ class Kutser:
               f"NIR={float(nir_wavelength):.1f}nm→band{self.NIR_band}")
         self.water_mask = None  # 延迟加载，在处理前初始化
         self.water_mask_path = water_mask
+        # ★ v3：掩膜不再整幅驻留——栅格路径保留 GDAL band 句柄，按需分块读
+        self._mask_ds = None
+        self._wm_band = None
+        self._wm_np = None
         self.output_path = output_path
         self.block_size = block_size
         self.R_min = None  # 全局R_min（来自重采样扫描）
@@ -80,32 +84,59 @@ class Kutser:
         except Exception:
             pass
 
-    def _load_water_mask(self):
-        """延迟加载水域掩膜"""
+    def _open_mask(self):
+        """打开水域掩膜，但绝不整幅 ReadAsArray 驻留。
+
+        栅格路径 → 保留 GDAL dataset/band 句柄（_wm_band），按需分块读取；
+        np.ndarray（外部已驻留）→ 转 bool 后保留 _wm_np，按窗口切片。
+        """
+        if self._wm_band is not None or self._wm_np is not None:
+            return
         if self.water_mask_path is None:
-            return None
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, np.ndarray):
             if self.water_mask_path.shape[:2] != (self.height, self.width):
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"掩膜尺寸 {self.water_mask_path.shape[:2]} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (self.water_mask_path > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_np = self.water_mask_path > 0
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, str):
             if self.water_mask_path.lower().endswith('.shp'):
                 raise ValueError("请先栅格化shapefile为栅格掩膜文件")
-            mask_dataset = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
-            if mask_dataset is None:
+            self._mask_ds = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
+            if self._mask_ds is None:
                 raise ValueError(f"无法打开掩膜文件: {self.water_mask_path}")
-            mask_array = mask_dataset.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()
-            mask_dataset = None
-            if mask_array.shape != (self.height, self.width):
+            band = self._mask_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
+            if band.XSize != self.width or band.YSize != self.height:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"掩膜尺寸 {mask_array.shape} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
+                    f"掩膜尺寸 {(band.YSize, band.XSize)} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (mask_array > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_band = band
 
+    def _read_mask_block(self, x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size):
+        """分块读取掩膜布尔数组（True=水体）；无掩膜时返回 None。"""
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            arr = self._wm_band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+            return (arr > 0)
+        if self._wm_np is not None:
+            return self._wm_np[y_off:y_off + y_size, x_off:x_off + x_size]
+        return None
+
+    def _legacy_full_mask_bool(self):
+        """仅供 run_fast（整幅顺序模式）使用：需要整幅布尔掩膜。
+
+        大影像请使用默认入口 run()（分块 + 掩膜分块读），避免整幅掩膜峰值。
+        """
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            full = self._wm_band.ReadAsArray()
+            return (full > 0)
+        if self._wm_np is not None:
+            return self._wm_np
         return None
 
     def _scan_global_stats(self, sample_step=20):
@@ -116,7 +147,7 @@ class Kutser:
         内存峰值 ≈ 单波段块大小 + 几个掩膜数组 ≈ block_size² × 4~8MB
         """
         print(f"[Kutser] 扫描全局统计量（采样步长={sample_step}）...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         # 预分配采样数组（NIR波段和D值）
         nir_samples = []
@@ -148,14 +179,10 @@ class Kutser:
             # 计算D = (lower + upper) * 0.5 - oxy
             d_block = (lower_block.astype(np.float32) + upper_block.astype(np.float32)) * 0.5 - oxy_block.astype(np.float32)
 
-            # 获取掩膜（整块）
-            if water_mask is not None:
-                mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, :]
-            else:
-                mask_block = np.ones((block_height, self.width), dtype=np.uint8)
-
-            # 对掩膜区域进行采样
-            mask_bool = mask_block.astype(bool)
+            # 获取掩膜（与波段同步分块读取，不再整幅驻留）
+            mask_bool = self._read_mask_block(0, y_off, self.width, block_height)
+            if mask_bool is None:
+                mask_bool = np.ones((block_height, self.width), dtype=bool)
 
             if mask_bool.any():
                 # 按步长采样
@@ -166,7 +193,7 @@ class Kutser:
                 sample_count += nir_sampled.size
 
             # 显式释放块内存
-            del nir_block, lower_block, upper_block, oxy_block, d_block, mask_block
+            del nir_block, lower_block, upper_block, oxy_block, d_block
 
         # 汇总
         if sample_count == 0:
@@ -189,7 +216,7 @@ class Kutser:
         使用全分辨率扫描，但逐波段读取，每波段内存 ≈ block_size²
         """
         print(f"[Kutser] 计算全局G值列表（n_bands={self.n_bands}）...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         # 初始化G_max和G_min为极值
         g_max = np.full(self.n_bands, -np.inf, dtype=np.float32)
@@ -200,22 +227,21 @@ class Kutser:
             y_end = min(y_off + self.block_size, self.height)
             block_height = y_end - y_off
 
+            # 掩膜块只读一次（同步分块，不再整幅驻留）
+            mask_bool = self._read_mask_block(0, y_off, self.width, block_height)
+            if mask_bool is None:
+                mask_bool = np.ones((block_height, self.width), dtype=bool)
+
             # 读取所有波段的当前块
             for b in range(self.n_bands):
                 band = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(b + 1)
                 block = band.ReadAsArray(0, y_off, self.width, block_height).astype(np.float32)
                 band = None
 
-                if water_mask is not None:
-                    mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, :]
-                    mask_bool = mask_block.astype(bool)
-                    if mask_bool.any():
-                        band_masked = block[mask_bool]
-                        g_max[b] = max(g_max[b], band_masked.max())
-                        g_min[b] = min(g_min[b], band_masked.min())
-                else:
-                    g_max[b] = max(g_max[b], block.max())
-                    g_min[b] = min(g_min[b], block.min())
+                if mask_bool.any():
+                    band_masked = block[mask_bool]
+                    g_max[b] = max(g_max[b], band_masked.max())
+                    g_min[b] = min(g_min[b], band_masked.min())
 
                 del block
 
@@ -254,14 +280,8 @@ class Kutser:
         # 释放临时块
         del lower_block, upper_block, oxy_block, D
 
-        # 获取当前块的水域掩膜
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
-        if water_mask is not None:
-            y_end = y_off + y_size
-            x_end = x_off + x_size
-            mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, x_off:x_end].astype(bool)
-        else:
-            mask_block = None
+        # 获取当前块的水域掩膜（同步分块读取，不再整幅驻留）
+        mask_block = self._read_mask_block(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
 
         # 逐波段处理
         corrected_bands = []
@@ -296,8 +316,10 @@ class Kutser:
         if self.output_path is None:
             raise ValueError("output_path 必须提供，分块处理需要直接写入文件")
 
-        # 全波段顺序模式：每个波段完整读取一次，顺序IO
-        return self.run_fast()
+        # ★ v3：默认走分块 run()（掩膜同步分块读取，内存恒定）。
+        #   旧的 run_fast()（整幅参考波段 + 整幅掩膜）仅保留给明确需要
+        #   顺序 IO 加速的小图，不再作为默认入口，避免大影像内存峰值。
+        return self.run()
 
     def run(self):
         """原版分块模式（低内存兼容）。默认使用 run_fast() 代替。"""
@@ -322,11 +344,8 @@ class Kutser:
         geotransform = self.dataset.GetGeoTransform()
         projection = self.dataset.GetProjection()
 
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        out_dataset = driver.Create(bsq_path, self.width, self.height,
-                                     self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
-        if out_dataset is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"无法创建输出文件: {bsq_path}")
+        out_dataset = create_output_dataset(
+            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
 
         out_dataset.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
         out_dataset.SetProjection(projection)
@@ -384,11 +403,8 @@ class Kutser:
         if self.output_path is None:
             raise ValueError("output_path 必须提供")
 
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
-        if water_mask is not None:
-            mask_bool = water_mask.astype(bool)
-        else:
-            mask_bool = None
+        # 仅 run_fast 需要整幅掩膜；大影像请用默认 run()
+        mask_bool = self._legacy_full_mask_bool()
 
         chunk_mb = self.width * self.height * self.n_bands * 2 / (1024 * 1024)
         print(f"[Kutser-Fast] 数据立方体 {chunk_mb:.0f}MB, "
@@ -446,9 +462,8 @@ class Kutser:
         base_path, ext = os.path.splitext(self.output_path)
         bsq_path = base_path + '.bsq' if ext.lower() != '.bsq' else self.output_path
 
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        out_dataset = driver.Create(bsq_path, self.width, self.height,
-                                     self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
+        out_dataset = create_output_dataset(
+            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
         out_dataset.SetGeoTransform(self.dataset.GetGeoTransform())
         out_dataset.SetProjection(self.dataset.GetProjection())
 
diff --git a/src/core/glint_removal/SUGAR.py b/src/core/glint_removal/SUGAR.py
index 014308b..49cb11d 100644
--- a/src/core/glint_removal/SUGAR.py
+++ b/src/core/glint_removal/SUGAR.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import os
 from scipy import ndimage
 from scipy.optimize import minimize_scalar
 
+from src.utils.util import create_output_dataset
+
 try:
     from osgeo import gdal
     GDAL_AVAILABLE = True
@@ -98,6 +100,10 @@ class SUGAR:
         self.glint_mask_method = glint_mask_method
         self.water_mask = None
         self.water_mask_path = water_mask
+        # ★ v3：掩膜不再整幅驻留——栅格路径保留 GDAL band 句柄，按需分块读
+        self._mask_ds = None
+        self._wm_band = None
+        self._wm_np = None
         self.output_path = output_path
         self.block_size = block_size
 
@@ -117,32 +123,46 @@ class SUGAR:
         self.glint_pixel_indices = []  # list of (block_idx, row, col) 索引
         self.thresholds = []  # 每波段的全局阈值
 
-    def _load_water_mask(self):
-        """延迟加载水域掩膜"""
+    def _open_mask(self):
+        """打开水域掩膜，但绝不整幅 ReadAsArray 驻留。
+
+        栅格路径 → 保留 GDAL dataset/band 句柄（_wm_band），按需分块读取；
+        np.ndarray（外部已驻留）→ 转 bool 后保留 _wm_np，按窗口切片。
+        """
+        if self._wm_band is not None or self._wm_np is not None:
+            return
         if self.water_mask_path is None:
-            return None
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, np.ndarray):
             if self.water_mask_path.shape[:2] != (self.height, self.width):
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"掩膜尺寸 {self.water_mask_path.shape[:2]} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (self.water_mask_path > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_np = self.water_mask_path > 0
+            return
 
         if isinstance(self.water_mask_path, str):
             if self.water_mask_path.lower().endswith('.shp'):
                 raise ValueError("请先栅格化shapefile为栅格掩膜文件")
-            mask_dataset = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
-            if mask_dataset is None:
+            self._mask_ds = gdal.Open(self.water_mask_path, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
+            if self._mask_ds is None:
                 raise ValueError(f"无法打开掩膜文件: {self.water_mask_path}")
-            mask_array = mask_dataset.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()
-            mask_dataset = None
-            if mask_array.shape != (self.height, self.width):
+            band = self._mask_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
+            if band.XSize != self.width or band.YSize != self.height:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    f"掩膜尺寸 {mask_array.shape} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
+                    f"掩膜尺寸 {(band.YSize, band.XSize)} 与图像尺寸 {(self.height, self.width)} 不匹配"
                 )
-            return (mask_array > 0).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._wm_band = band
 
+    def _read_mask_block(self, x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size):
+        """分块读取掩膜布尔数组（True=水体）；无掩膜时返回 None。"""
+        self._open_mask()
+        if self._wm_band is not None:
+            arr = self._wm_band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+            return (arr > 0)
+        if self._wm_np is not None:
+            return self._wm_np[y_off:y_off + y_size, x_off:x_off + x_size]
         return None
 
     def _compute_threshold(self, im):
@@ -163,14 +183,10 @@ class SUGAR:
         thresh = self.thresholds[self._current_band]
         glint_mask = (log_im < thresh).astype(np.uint8)
 
-        # 应用水域掩膜
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
-        if water_mask is not None:
-            y_off = self._current_y
-            y_end = y_off + band_data.shape[0]
-            x_off = self._current_x
-            x_end = x_off + band_data.shape[1]
-            mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, x_off:x_end]
+        # 应用水域掩膜（同步分块读取，不再整幅驻留）
+        mask_block = self._read_mask_block(
+            self._current_x, self._current_y, band_data.shape[1], band_data.shape[0])
+        if mask_block is not None:
             glint_mask = glint_mask * mask_block
 
         return log_im, glint_mask
@@ -214,7 +230,7 @@ class SUGAR:
         内存：仅存储每波段的阈值（float）和 glint 像素位置索引
         """
         print(f"[SUGAR] 步骤1: 扫描全图收集glint像素...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         # 初始化阈值列表
         self.thresholds = [None] * self.n_bands
@@ -231,6 +247,9 @@ class SUGAR:
                 x_size = x_end - x_off
                 n_blocks += 1
 
+                # 掩膜块每块只读一次（同步分块，不再整幅驻留）
+                _mask_block = self._read_mask_block(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+
                 for b in range(self.n_bands):
                     band = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(b + 1)
                     block = band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size).astype(np.float32)
@@ -238,11 +257,7 @@ class SUGAR:
 
                     log_im = ndimage.gaussian_laplace(block, sigma=self.sigma)
 
-                    # mask_block 在波段循环外初始化，每块只计算一次
-                    if b == 0 and water_mask is not None:
-                        _mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, x_off:x_end].astype(bool)
-
-                    if water_mask is not None:
+                    if _mask_block is not None:
                         if _mask_block.any():
                             log_collections[b].append(log_im[_mask_block])
                     else:
@@ -250,9 +265,6 @@ class SUGAR:
 
                     del block, log_im
 
-                if water_mask is not None:
-                    del _mask_block
-
         # 计算每波段的全局阈值（需要所有LoG值）
         print(f"[SUGAR] 计算 {self.n_bands} 个波段的全局阈值...")
         for b in range(self.n_bands):
@@ -275,7 +287,7 @@ class SUGAR:
         内存：只存储 1D 数组（所有 glint 像素值）
         """
         print(f"[SUGAR] 步骤2: 收集glint像素值用于全局优化...")
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        self._open_mask()
 
         R_glint_list = [[] for _ in range(self.n_bands)]
         R_bg_glint_list = [[] for _ in range(self.n_bands)]
@@ -288,6 +300,9 @@ class SUGAR:
                 x_end = min(x_off + self.block_size, self.width)
                 x_size = x_end - x_off
 
+                # 掩膜块每块只读一次（同步分块，不再整幅驻留）
+                _mask_block = self._read_mask_block(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
+
                 for b in range(self.n_bands):
                     band = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(b + 1)
                     R_block = band.ReadAsArray(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size).astype(np.float32)
@@ -298,9 +313,8 @@ class SUGAR:
                     thresh = self.thresholds[b]
                     glint_mask = (log_im < thresh).astype(np.uint8)
 
-                    if water_mask is not None:
-                        mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_end, x_off:x_end]
-                        glint_mask = glint_mask * mask_block
+                    if _mask_block is not None:
+                        glint_mask = glint_mask * _mask_block
 
                     # 背景
                     if self.estimate_background:
@@ -353,7 +367,8 @@ class SUGAR:
         """
         Step 4: 分块处理并写入输出文件
         """
-        water_mask = self._load_water_mask()
+        # 掩膜块每块只读一次（同步分块，不再整幅驻留）
+        mask_block = self._read_mask_block(x_off, y_off, x_size, y_size)
 
         for b in range(self.n_bands):
             band = self.dataset.GetRasterBand(b + 1)
@@ -365,8 +380,7 @@ class SUGAR:
             thresh = self.thresholds[b]
             glint_mask = (log_im < thresh).astype(np.uint8)
 
-            if water_mask is not None:
-                mask_block = water_mask[y_off:y_off + y_size, x_off:x_off + x_size]
+            if mask_block is not None:
                 glint_mask = glint_mask * mask_block
 
             glint_bool = glint_mask.astype(bool)
@@ -411,11 +425,8 @@ class SUGAR:
         geotransform = self.dataset.GetGeoTransform()
         projection = self.dataset.GetProjection()
 
-        driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('ENVI')
-        out_dataset = driver.Create(bsq_path, self.width, self.height,
-                                     self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
-        if out_dataset is None:
-            raise ValueError(f"无法创建输出文件: {bsq_path}")
+        out_dataset = create_output_dataset(
+            bsq_path, self.width, self.height, self.n_bands, gdal.GDT_Float32)
         out_dataset.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)
         out_dataset.SetProjection(projection)