diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 029a244..37cc16c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ frontend/src-tauri/target/
 # ===== Docker =====
 docker-compose.override.yml
 
+# ===== Runtime 目录 =====
+backend/uploads/
+backend/data/
+
 # ===== Misc =====
 *.log
 *.tmp
diff --git a/backend/Dockerfile.dev b/backend/Dockerfile.dev
index f1ac180..448dd00 100644
--- a/backend/Dockerfile.dev
+++ b/backend/Dockerfile.dev
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ FROM python:3.13-slim
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
+# 换阿里云源（国内网络加速）
+RUN sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources 2>/dev/null || \
+    sed -i 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian|g' /etc/apt/sources.list 2>/dev/null || true
+
 # 系统依赖（Pillow / cryptography 编译所需）
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     gcc \
diff --git a/backend/app/core/security.py b/backend/app/core/security.py
index 453d22e..ffeb77c 100644
--- a/backend/app/core/security.py
+++ b/backend/app/core/security.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 """安全模块 — JWT Token 生成与验证"""
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import timedelta
 from jose import JWTError, jwt
 from passlib.context import CryptContext
 from app.core.config import settings
+from app.core.time_utils import get_beijing_time
 
 pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ ALGORITHM = "HS256"
 def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None) -> str:
     """生成 JWT Access Token"""
     to_encode = data.copy()
-    expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + (
+    expire = get_beijing_time() + (
         expires_delta or timedelta(minutes=settings.ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
     )
     to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
diff --git a/backend/app/core/time_utils.py b/backend/app/core/time_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18ec6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/core/time_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""全局北京时间 (UTC+8)"""
+from datetime import datetime
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+BEIJING_TZ = ZoneInfo("Asia/Shanghai")
+
+
+def get_beijing_time() -> datetime:
+    """返回当前北京时间"""
+    return datetime.now(BEIJING_TZ)
diff --git a/backend/app/services/counter_service.py b/backend/app/services/counter_service.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac4535e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/services/counter_service.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""16进制自增计数器 — 基于 PostgreSQL Sequence，生成 16 位 HEX 唯一 ID"""
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+SEQUENCE_NAME = "product_hex_counter"
+
+
+async def ensure_sequence(db: AsyncSession) -> None:
+    """确保 counter sequence 存在（幂等）"""
+    await db.execute(
+        text(f"CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS {SEQUENCE_NAME} START 1;")
+    )
+
+
+async def next_hex_id(db: AsyncSession, length: int = 16) -> str:
+    """
+    生成下一个 hex ID。
+
+    示例: 1 → "0000000000000001"
+          15 → "000000000000000F"
+          16 → "0000000000000010"
+          255 → "00000000000000FF"
+    """
+    result = await db.execute(text(f"SELECT nextval('{SEQUENCE_NAME}');"))
+    counter: int = result.scalar_one()
+    return format(counter, f"0{length}X")
diff --git a/backend/app/services/print_config.py b/backend/app/services/print_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c730e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/services/print_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""打印机配置管理 — JSON 文件持久化"""
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+CONFIG_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "data"
+CONFIG_FILE = CONFIG_DIR / "printer_config.json"
+
+DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
+    "label_printer": {
+        "ip": "192.168.9.221",
+        "port": 9100,
+        "enabled": False,
+    },
+}
+
+
+class PrintConfigManager:
+    """打印机 IP/端口 配置读写"""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _ensure_file() -> None:
+        if not CONFIG_DIR.exists():
+            CONFIG_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)
+        if not CONFIG_FILE.exists():
+            PrintConfigManager.save_config(DEFAULT_CONFIG)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_config() -> dict:
+        PrintConfigManager._ensure_file()
+        with open(CONFIG_FILE, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def save_config(config: dict) -> None:
+        if not CONFIG_DIR.exists():
+            CONFIG_DIR.mkdir(parents=True)
+        with open(CONFIG_FILE, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            json.dump(config, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_printer(name: str = "label_printer") -> dict:
+        config = PrintConfigManager.get_config()
+        return config.get(name, DEFAULT_CONFIG.get("label_printer", {}))