diff --git a/deploy.sh b/deploy.sh
index bdd9da0..50e4cca 100644
--- a/deploy.sh
+++ b/deploy.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,15 @@ echo "[1/4] 服务器备份旧代码..."
 ssh -t $SERVER "sudo mkdir -p $REMOTE_BACKUP_DIR && \
     cd $REMOTE_DIR && \
     echo '>> 备份当前代码...' && \
+    # ★ 必须排除大目录：否则会把 backend/venv(140M)+frontend/node_modules(519M)一起打包,备份极慢
     sudo tar -czf $REMOTE_BACKUP_DIR/code_backup.tar.gz \
+        --exclude='backend/venv' \
+        --exclude='backend/.venv' \
+        --exclude='backend/__pycache__' \
+        --exclude='backend/.env' \
+        --exclude='backend/uploads' \
+        --exclude='frontend/node_modules' \
+        --exclude='frontend/dist' \
         backend frontend docker-compose.prod.yml 2>/dev/null || true && \
     echo '>> 保留最近 3 个备份...' && \
     cd $REMOTE_DIR/backups && \