"""请求上下文中间件 — request_id 生成/透传 + 结构化访问日志""" from __future__ import annotations import logging import time import uuid from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware from starlette.requests import Request from app.core.logging import request_id_var, user_var access_log = logging.getLogger("track.access") # 探针被高频轮询,降级为 DEBUG 避免把有价值的信息淹掉 _QUIET_PATHS = frozenset({"/health", "/health/live", "/health/ready"}) class RequestContextMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware): """为每个请求建立可追踪上下文。 - request_id:优先沿用上游网关传来的 X-Request-ID,实现全链路追踪; 没有就生成一个。响应头回写该 ID,前端报错时可直接带上, 运维拿 ID 就能在日志里精确定位到这一次请求。 - 访问日志:method / path / status / duration_ms / client / user。 """ async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next): request_id = request.headers.get("X-Request-ID") or uuid.uuid4().hex # 同时写入 request.state:它由 ASGI scope 承载,作用域比 contextvar 更长。 # FastAPI 把 Exception 处理器交给 ServerErrorMiddleware(位于本中间件外层), # 异常传播到那里时 contextvar 已在 finally 中被重置,只有 state 还留着 ID。 request.state.request_id = request_id rid_token = request_id_var.set(request_id) user_token = user_var.set(None) started = time.perf_counter() logged = False status_code = 500 try: response = await call_next(request) status_code = response.status_code response.headers["X-Request-ID"] = request_id self._log_access(request, status_code, started) logged = True return response finally: # 异常路径也要留下访问记录,否则接口 500 时日志里反而没有痕迹 if not logged: self._log_access(request, status_code, started) request_id_var.reset(rid_token) user_var.reset(user_token) def _log_access(self, request: Request, status_code: int, started: float) -> None: path = request.url.path duration_ms = round((time.perf_counter() - started) * 1000, 1) # user 必须从 request.state 取:本中间件在独立 task 中执行,路由内 # 写入的 contextvar 不会回流到这里(详见 get_current_user 的说明)。 user = getattr(request.state, "audit_user", None) or user_var.get() if status_code >= 500: level = logging.ERROR elif status_code >= 400: level = logging.WARNING elif path in _QUIET_PATHS: level = logging.DEBUG else: level = logging.INFO access_log.log( level, "%s %s -> %s (%.1fms)", request.method, path, status_code, duration_ms, extra={ "extra_fields": { "method": request.method, "path": path, "status": status_code, "duration_ms": duration_ms, "client": request.client.host if request.client else None, "user": user, } }, )