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2025-07-08 08:54:35 +08:00
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lib/Adafruit BusIO/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md vendored Normal file
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Thank you for opening an issue on an Adafruit Arduino library repository. To
improve the speed of resolution please review the following guidelines and
common troubleshooting steps below before creating the issue:
- **Do not use GitHub issues for troubleshooting projects and issues.** Instead use
the forums at http://forums.adafruit.com to ask questions and troubleshoot why
something isn't working as expected. In many cases the problem is a common issue
that you will more quickly receive help from the forum community. GitHub issues
are meant for known defects in the code. If you don't know if there is a defect
in the code then start with troubleshooting on the forum first.
- **If following a tutorial or guide be sure you didn't miss a step.** Carefully
check all of the steps and commands to run have been followed. Consult the
forum if you're unsure or have questions about steps in a guide/tutorial.
- **For Arduino projects check these very common issues to ensure they don't apply**:
- For uploading sketches or communicating with the board make sure you're using
a **USB data cable** and **not** a **USB charge-only cable**. It is sometimes
very hard to tell the difference between a data and charge cable! Try using the
cable with other devices or swapping to another cable to confirm it is not
the problem.
- **Be sure you are supplying adequate power to the board.** Check the specs of
your board and plug in an external power supply. In many cases just
plugging a board into your computer is not enough to power it and other
peripherals.
- **Double check all soldering joints and connections.** Flakey connections
cause many mysterious problems. See the [guide to excellent soldering](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-guide-excellent-soldering/tools) for examples of good solder joints.
- **Ensure you are using an official Arduino or Adafruit board.** We can't
guarantee a clone board will have the same functionality and work as expected
with this code and don't support them.
If you're sure this issue is a defect in the code and checked the steps above
please fill in the following fields to provide enough troubleshooting information.
You may delete the guideline and text above to just leave the following details:
- Arduino board: **INSERT ARDUINO BOARD NAME/TYPE HERE**
- Arduino IDE version (found in Arduino -> About Arduino menu): **INSERT ARDUINO
VERSION HERE**
- List the steps to reproduce the problem below (if possible attach a sketch or
copy the sketch code in too): **LIST REPRO STEPS BELOW**

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lib/Adafruit BusIO/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md vendored Normal file
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Thank you for creating a pull request to contribute to Adafruit's GitHub code!
Before you open the request please review the following guidelines and tips to
help it be more easily integrated:
- **Describe the scope of your change--i.e. what the change does and what parts
of the code were modified.** This will help us understand any risks of integrating
the code.
- **Describe any known limitations with your change.** For example if the change
doesn't apply to a supported platform of the library please mention it.
- **Please run any tests or examples that can exercise your modified code.** We
strive to not break users of the code and running tests/examples helps with this
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Thank you again for contributing! We will try to test and integrate the change
as soon as we can, but be aware we have many GitHub repositories to manage and
can't immediately respond to every request. There is no need to bump or check in
on a pull request (it will clutter the discussion of the request).
Also don't be worried if the request is closed or not integrated--sometimes the
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priorities of the pull request. Don't fret, the open source community thrives on
forks and GitHub makes it easy to keep your changes in a forked repo.
After reviewing the guidelines above you can delete this text from the pull request.

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lib/Adafruit BusIO/.github/workflows/githubci.yml vendored Normal file
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name: Arduino Library CI
on: [pull_request, push, repository_dispatch]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/setup-python@v4
with:
python-version: '3.x'
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
repository: adafruit/ci-arduino
path: ci
- name: Install the prerequisites
run: bash ci/actions_install.sh
- name: Check for correct code formatting with clang-format
run: python3 ci/run-clang-format.py -e "ci/*" -e "bin/*" -r .
- name: Check for correct documentation with doxygen
env:
GH_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_TOKEN }}
PRETTYNAME : "Adafruit Bus IO Library"
run: bash ci/doxy_gen_and_deploy.sh
- name: Test the code on supported platforms
run: python3 ci/build_platform.py main_platforms zero feather32u4

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lib/Adafruit BusIO/.piopm Normal file
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{"type": "library", "name": "Adafruit BusIO", "version": "1.15.0", "spec": {"owner": "adafruit", "id": 6214, "name": "Adafruit BusIO", "requirements": null, "uri": null}}

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lib/Adafruit BusIO/Adafruit_BusIO_Register.cpp Normal file
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#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
#if !defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) || \
(defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) && (SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT > 0))
/*!
* @brief Create a register we access over an I2C Device (which defines the
* bus and address)
* @param i2cdevice The I2CDevice to use for underlying I2C access
* @param reg_addr The address pointer value for the I2C/SMBus register, can
* be 8 or 16 bits
* @param width The width of the register data itself, defaults to 1 byte
* @param byteorder The byte order of the register (used when width is > 1),
* defaults to LSBFIRST
* @param address_width The width of the register address itself, defaults
* to 1 byte
*/
Adafruit_BusIO_Register::Adafruit_BusIO_Register(Adafruit_I2CDevice *i2cdevice,
uint16_t reg_addr,
uint8_t width,
uint8_t byteorder,
uint8_t address_width) {
_i2cdevice = i2cdevice;
_spidevice = nullptr;
_addrwidth = address_width;
_address = reg_addr;
_byteorder = byteorder;
_width = width;
}
/*!
* @brief Create a register we access over an SPI Device (which defines the
* bus and CS pin)
* @param spidevice The SPIDevice to use for underlying SPI access
* @param reg_addr The address pointer value for the SPI register, can
* be 8 or 16 bits
* @param type The method we use to read/write data to SPI (which is not
* as well defined as I2C)
* @param width The width of the register data itself, defaults to 1 byte
* @param byteorder The byte order of the register (used when width is > 1),
* defaults to LSBFIRST
* @param address_width The width of the register address itself, defaults
* to 1 byte
*/
Adafruit_BusIO_Register::Adafruit_BusIO_Register(Adafruit_SPIDevice *spidevice,
uint16_t reg_addr,
Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType type,
uint8_t width,
uint8_t byteorder,
uint8_t address_width) {
_spidevice = spidevice;
_spiregtype = type;
_i2cdevice = nullptr;
_addrwidth = address_width;
_address = reg_addr;
_byteorder = byteorder;
_width = width;
}
/*!
* @brief Create a register we access over an I2C or SPI Device. This is a
* handy function because we can pass in nullptr for the unused interface,
* allowing libraries to mass-define all the registers
* @param i2cdevice The I2CDevice to use for underlying I2C access, if
* nullptr we use SPI
* @param spidevice The SPIDevice to use for underlying SPI access, if
* nullptr we use I2C
* @param reg_addr The address pointer value for the I2C/SMBus/SPI register,
* can be 8 or 16 bits
* @param type The method we use to read/write data to SPI (which is not
* as well defined as I2C)
* @param width The width of the register data itself, defaults to 1 byte
* @param byteorder The byte order of the register (used when width is > 1),
* defaults to LSBFIRST
* @param address_width The width of the register address itself, defaults
* to 1 byte
*/
Adafruit_BusIO_Register::Adafruit_BusIO_Register(
Adafruit_I2CDevice *i2cdevice, Adafruit_SPIDevice *spidevice,
Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType type, uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t width,
uint8_t byteorder, uint8_t address_width) {
_spidevice = spidevice;
_i2cdevice = i2cdevice;
_spiregtype = type;
_addrwidth = address_width;
_address = reg_addr;
_byteorder = byteorder;
_width = width;
}
/*!
* @brief Write a buffer of data to the register location
* @param buffer Pointer to data to write
* @param len Number of bytes to write
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_Register::write(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
uint8_t addrbuffer[2] = {(uint8_t)(_address & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)(_address >> 8)};
if (_i2cdevice) {
return _i2cdevice->write(buffer, len, true, addrbuffer, _addrwidth);
}
if (_spidevice) {
if (_spiregtype == ADDRESSED_OPCODE_BIT0_LOW_TO_WRITE) {
// very special case!
// pass the special opcode address which we set as the high byte of the
// regaddr
addrbuffer[0] =
(uint8_t)(_address >> 8) & ~0x01; // set bottom bit low to write
// the 'actual' reg addr is the second byte then
addrbuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(_address & 0xFF);
// the address appears to be a byte longer
return _spidevice->write(buffer, len, addrbuffer, _addrwidth + 1);
}
if (_spiregtype == ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD) {
addrbuffer[0] &= ~0x80;
}
if (_spiregtype == ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE) {
addrbuffer[0] |= 0x80;
}
if (_spiregtype == AD8_HIGH_TOREAD_AD7_HIGH_TOINC) {
addrbuffer[0] &= ~0x80;
addrbuffer[0] |= 0x40;
}
return _spidevice->write(buffer, len, addrbuffer, _addrwidth);
}
return false;
}
/*!
* @brief Write up to 4 bytes of data to the register location
* @param value Data to write
* @param numbytes How many bytes from 'value' to write
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_Register::write(uint32_t value, uint8_t numbytes) {
if (numbytes == 0) {
numbytes = _width;
}
if (numbytes > 4) {
return false;
}
// store a copy
_cached = value;
for (int i = 0; i < numbytes; i++) {
if (_byteorder == LSBFIRST) {
_buffer[i] = value & 0xFF;
} else {
_buffer[numbytes - i - 1] = value & 0xFF;
}
value >>= 8;
}
return write(_buffer, numbytes);
}
/*!
* @brief Read data from the register location. This does not do any error
* checking!
* @return Returns 0xFFFFFFFF on failure, value otherwise
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_BusIO_Register::read(void) {
if (!read(_buffer, _width)) {
return -1;
}
uint32_t value = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < _width; i++) {
value <<= 8;
if (_byteorder == LSBFIRST) {
value |= _buffer[_width - i - 1];
} else {
value |= _buffer[i];
}
}
return value;
}
/*!
* @brief Read cached data from last time we wrote to this register
* @return Returns 0xFFFFFFFF on failure, value otherwise
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_BusIO_Register::readCached(void) { return _cached; }
/*!
* @brief Read a buffer of data from the register location
* @param buffer Pointer to data to read into
* @param len Number of bytes to read
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_Register::read(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
uint8_t addrbuffer[2] = {(uint8_t)(_address & 0xFF),
(uint8_t)(_address >> 8)};
if (_i2cdevice) {
return _i2cdevice->write_then_read(addrbuffer, _addrwidth, buffer, len);
}
if (_spidevice) {
if (_spiregtype == ADDRESSED_OPCODE_BIT0_LOW_TO_WRITE) {
// very special case!
// pass the special opcode address which we set as the high byte of the
// regaddr
addrbuffer[0] =
(uint8_t)(_address >> 8) | 0x01; // set bottom bit high to read
// the 'actual' reg addr is the second byte then
addrbuffer[1] = (uint8_t)(_address & 0xFF);
// the address appears to be a byte longer
return _spidevice->write_then_read(addrbuffer, _addrwidth + 1, buffer,
len);
}
if (_spiregtype == ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD) {
addrbuffer[0] |= 0x80;
}
if (_spiregtype == ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE) {
addrbuffer[0] &= ~0x80;
}
if (_spiregtype == AD8_HIGH_TOREAD_AD7_HIGH_TOINC) {
addrbuffer[0] |= 0x80 | 0x40;
}
return _spidevice->write_then_read(addrbuffer, _addrwidth, buffer, len);
}
return false;
}
/*!
* @brief Read 2 bytes of data from the register location
* @param value Pointer to uint16_t variable to read into
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_Register::read(uint16_t *value) {
if (!read(_buffer, 2)) {
return false;
}
if (_byteorder == LSBFIRST) {
*value = _buffer[1];
*value <<= 8;
*value |= _buffer[0];
} else {
*value = _buffer[0];
*value <<= 8;
*value |= _buffer[1];
}
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Read 1 byte of data from the register location
* @param value Pointer to uint8_t variable to read into
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_Register::read(uint8_t *value) {
if (!read(_buffer, 1)) {
return false;
}
*value = _buffer[0];
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Pretty printer for this register
* @param s The Stream to print to, defaults to &Serial
*/
void Adafruit_BusIO_Register::print(Stream *s) {
uint32_t val = read();
s->print("0x");
s->print(val, HEX);
}
/*!
* @brief Pretty printer for this register
* @param s The Stream to print to, defaults to &Serial
*/
void Adafruit_BusIO_Register::println(Stream *s) {
print(s);
s->println();
}
/*!
* @brief Create a slice of the register that we can address without
* touching other bits
* @param reg The Adafruit_BusIO_Register which defines the bus/register
* @param bits The number of bits wide we are slicing
* @param shift The number of bits that our bit-slice is shifted from LSB
*/
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits::Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(
Adafruit_BusIO_Register *reg, uint8_t bits, uint8_t shift) {
_register = reg;
_bits = bits;
_shift = shift;
}
/*!
* @brief Read 4 bytes of data from the register
* @return data The 4 bytes to read
*/
uint32_t Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits::read(void) {
uint32_t val = _register->read();
val >>= _shift;
return val & ((1 << (_bits)) - 1);
}
/*!
* @brief Write 4 bytes of data to the register
* @param data The 4 bytes to write
* @return True on successful write (only really useful for I2C as SPI is
* uncheckable)
*/
bool Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits::write(uint32_t data) {
uint32_t val = _register->read();
// mask off the data before writing
uint32_t mask = (1 << (_bits)) - 1;
data &= mask;
mask <<= _shift;
val &= ~mask; // remove the current data at that spot
val |= data << _shift; // and add in the new data
return _register->write(val, _register->width());
}
/*!
* @brief The width of the register data, helpful for doing calculations
* @returns The data width used when initializing the register
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_BusIO_Register::width(void) { return _width; }
/*!
* @brief Set the default width of data
* @param width the default width of data read from register
*/
void Adafruit_BusIO_Register::setWidth(uint8_t width) { _width = width; }
/*!
* @brief Set register address
* @param address the address from register
*/
void Adafruit_BusIO_Register::setAddress(uint16_t address) {
_address = address;
}
/*!
* @brief Set the width of register address
* @param address_width the width for register address
*/
void Adafruit_BusIO_Register::setAddressWidth(uint16_t address_width) {
_addrwidth = address_width;
}
#endif // SPI exists

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#ifndef Adafruit_BusIO_Register_h
#define Adafruit_BusIO_Register_h
#include <Arduino.h>
#if !defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) || \
(defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) && (SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT > 0))
#include <Adafruit_I2CDevice.h>
#include <Adafruit_SPIDevice.h>
typedef enum _Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType {
ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD = 0,
/*!<
* ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD
* When reading a register you must actually send the value 0x80 + register
* address to the device. e.g. To read the register 0x0B the register value
* 0x8B is sent and to write 0x0B is sent.
*/
AD8_HIGH_TOREAD_AD7_HIGH_TOINC = 1,
/*!<
* ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE
* When writing to a register you must actually send the value 0x80 +
* the register address to the device. e.g. To write to the register 0x19 the
* register value 0x99 is sent and to read 0x19 is sent.
*/
ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE = 2,
/*!<
* ADDRESSED_OPCODE_LOWBIT_TO_WRITE
* Used by the MCP23S series, we send 0x40 |'rd with the opcode
* Then set the lowest bit to write
*/
ADDRESSED_OPCODE_BIT0_LOW_TO_WRITE = 3,
} Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType;
/*!
* @brief The class which defines a device register (a location to read/write
* data from)
*/
class Adafruit_BusIO_Register {
public:
Adafruit_BusIO_Register(Adafruit_I2CDevice *i2cdevice, uint16_t reg_addr,
uint8_t width = 1, uint8_t byteorder = LSBFIRST,
uint8_t address_width = 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register(Adafruit_SPIDevice *spidevice, uint16_t reg_addr,
Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType type, uint8_t width = 1,
uint8_t byteorder = LSBFIRST,
uint8_t address_width = 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register(Adafruit_I2CDevice *i2cdevice,
Adafruit_SPIDevice *spidevice,
Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType type, uint16_t reg_addr,
uint8_t width = 1, uint8_t byteorder = LSBFIRST,
uint8_t address_width = 1);
bool read(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
bool read(uint8_t *value);
bool read(uint16_t *value);
uint32_t read(void);
uint32_t readCached(void);
bool write(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
bool write(uint32_t value, uint8_t numbytes = 0);
uint8_t width(void);
void setWidth(uint8_t width);
void setAddress(uint16_t address);
void setAddressWidth(uint16_t address_width);
void print(Stream *s = &Serial);
void println(Stream *s = &Serial);
private:
Adafruit_I2CDevice *_i2cdevice;
Adafruit_SPIDevice *_spidevice;
Adafruit_BusIO_SPIRegType _spiregtype;
uint16_t _address;
uint8_t _width, _addrwidth, _byteorder;
uint8_t _buffer[4]; // we won't support anything larger than uint32 for
// non-buffered read
uint32_t _cached = 0;
};
/*!
* @brief The class which defines a slice of bits from within a device register
* (a location to read/write data from)
*/
class Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits {
public:
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(Adafruit_BusIO_Register *reg, uint8_t bits,
uint8_t shift);
bool write(uint32_t value);
uint32_t read(void);
private:
Adafruit_BusIO_Register *_register;
uint8_t _bits, _shift;
};
#endif // SPI exists
#endif // BusIO_Register_h

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#include "Adafruit_I2CDevice.h"
//#define DEBUG_SERIAL Serial
/*!
* @brief Create an I2C device at a given address
* @param addr The 7-bit I2C address for the device
* @param theWire The I2C bus to use, defaults to &Wire
*/
Adafruit_I2CDevice::Adafruit_I2CDevice(uint8_t addr, TwoWire *theWire) {
_addr = addr;
_wire = theWire;
_begun = false;
#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD
_maxBufferSize = 250; // as defined in Wire.h's RingBuffer
#elif defined(ESP32)
_maxBufferSize = I2C_BUFFER_LENGTH;
#else
_maxBufferSize = 32;
#endif
}
/*!
* @brief Initializes and does basic address detection
* @param addr_detect Whether we should attempt to detect the I2C address
* with a scan. 99% of sensors/devices don't mind, but once in a while they
* don't respond well to a scan!
* @return True if I2C initialized and a device with the addr found
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::begin(bool addr_detect) {
_wire->begin();
_begun = true;
if (addr_detect) {
return detected();
}
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief De-initialize device, turn off the Wire interface
*/
void Adafruit_I2CDevice::end(void) {
// Not all port implement Wire::end(), such as
// - ESP8266
// - AVR core without WIRE_HAS_END
// - ESP32: end() is implemented since 2.0.1 which is latest at the moment.
// Temporarily disable for now to give time for user to update.
#if !(defined(ESP8266) || \
(defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR) && !defined(WIRE_HAS_END)) || \
defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32))
_wire->end();
_begun = false;
#endif
}
/*!
* @brief Scans I2C for the address - note will give a false-positive
* if there's no pullups on I2C
* @return True if I2C initialized and a device with the addr found
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::detected(void) {
// Init I2C if not done yet
if (!_begun && !begin()) {
return false;
}
// A basic scanner, see if it ACK's
_wire->beginTransmission(_addr);
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("Address 0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(_addr);
#endif
if (_wire->endTransmission() == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(F(" Detected"));
#endif
return true;
}
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(F(" Not detected"));
#endif
return false;
}
/*!
* @brief Write a buffer or two to the I2C device. Cannot be more than
* maxBufferSize() bytes.
* @param buffer Pointer to buffer of data to write. This is const to
* ensure the content of this buffer doesn't change.
* @param len Number of bytes from buffer to write
* @param prefix_buffer Pointer to optional array of data to write before
* buffer. Cannot be more than maxBufferSize() bytes. This is const to
* ensure the content of this buffer doesn't change.
* @param prefix_len Number of bytes from prefix buffer to write
* @param stop Whether to send an I2C STOP signal on write
* @return True if write was successful, otherwise false.
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop,
const uint8_t *prefix_buffer,
size_t prefix_len) {
if ((len + prefix_len) > maxBufferSize()) {
// currently not guaranteed to work if more than 32 bytes!
// we will need to find out if some platforms have larger
// I2C buffer sizes :/
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(F("\tI2CDevice could not write such a large buffer"));
#endif
return false;
}
_wire->beginTransmission(_addr);
// Write the prefix data (usually an address)
if ((prefix_len != 0) && (prefix_buffer != nullptr)) {
if (_wire->write(prefix_buffer, prefix_len) != prefix_len) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(F("\tI2CDevice failed to write"));
#endif
return false;
}
}
// Write the data itself
if (_wire->write(buffer, len) != len) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(F("\tI2CDevice failed to write"));
#endif
return false;
}
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tI2CWRITE @ 0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(_addr, HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(" :: "));
if ((prefix_len != 0) && (prefix_buffer != nullptr)) {
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < prefix_len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(prefix_buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
}
}
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (i % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
if (stop) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print("\tSTOP");
}
#endif
if (_wire->endTransmission(stop) == 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
// DEBUG_SERIAL.println("Sent!");
#endif
return true;
} else {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.println("\tFailed to send!");
#endif
return false;
}
}
/*!
* @brief Read from I2C into a buffer from the I2C device.
* Cannot be more than maxBufferSize() bytes.
* @param buffer Pointer to buffer of data to read into
* @param len Number of bytes from buffer to read.
* @param stop Whether to send an I2C STOP signal on read
* @return True if read was successful, otherwise false.
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop) {
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < len) {
size_t read_len =
((len - pos) > maxBufferSize()) ? maxBufferSize() : (len - pos);
bool read_stop = (pos < (len - read_len)) ? false : stop;
if (!_read(buffer + pos, read_len, read_stop))
return false;
pos += read_len;
}
return true;
}
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::_read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop) {
#if defined(TinyWireM_h)
size_t recv = _wire->requestFrom((uint8_t)_addr, (uint8_t)len);
#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MEGAAVR)
size_t recv = _wire->requestFrom(_addr, len, stop);
#else
size_t recv = _wire->requestFrom((uint8_t)_addr, (uint8_t)len, (uint8_t)stop);
#endif
if (recv != len) {
// Not enough data available to fulfill our obligation!
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tI2CDevice did not receive enough data: "));
DEBUG_SERIAL.println(recv);
#endif
return false;
}
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
buffer[i] = _wire->read();
}
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tI2CREAD @ 0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(_addr, HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(" :: "));
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (len % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
#endif
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Write some data, then read some data from I2C into another buffer.
* Cannot be more than maxBufferSize() bytes. The buffers can point to
* same/overlapping locations.
* @param write_buffer Pointer to buffer of data to write from
* @param write_len Number of bytes from buffer to write.
* @param read_buffer Pointer to buffer of data to read into.
* @param read_len Number of bytes from buffer to read.
* @param stop Whether to send an I2C STOP signal between the write and read
* @return True if write & read was successful, otherwise false.
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::write_then_read(const uint8_t *write_buffer,
size_t write_len, uint8_t *read_buffer,
size_t read_len, bool stop) {
if (!write(write_buffer, write_len, stop)) {
return false;
}
return read(read_buffer, read_len);
}
/*!
* @brief Returns the 7-bit address of this device
* @return The 7-bit address of this device
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_I2CDevice::address(void) { return _addr; }
/*!
* @brief Change the I2C clock speed to desired (relies on
* underlying Wire support!
* @param desiredclk The desired I2C SCL frequency
* @return True if this platform supports changing I2C speed.
* Not necessarily that the speed was achieved!
*/
bool Adafruit_I2CDevice::setSpeed(uint32_t desiredclk) {
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega328__) || \
defined(__AVR_ATmega328P__) // fix arduino core set clock
// calculate TWBR correctly
if ((F_CPU / 18) < desiredclk) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
Serial.println(F("I2C.setSpeed too high."));
#endif
return false;
}
uint32_t atwbr = ((F_CPU / desiredclk) - 16) / 2;
if (atwbr > 16320) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
Serial.println(F("I2C.setSpeed too low."));
#endif
return false;
}
if (atwbr <= 255) {
atwbr /= 1;
TWSR = 0x0;
} else if (atwbr <= 1020) {
atwbr /= 4;
TWSR = 0x1;
} else if (atwbr <= 4080) {
atwbr /= 16;
TWSR = 0x2;
} else { // if (atwbr <= 16320)
atwbr /= 64;
TWSR = 0x3;
}
TWBR = atwbr;
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
Serial.print(F("TWSR prescaler = "));
Serial.println(pow(4, TWSR));
Serial.print(F("TWBR = "));
Serial.println(atwbr);
#endif
return true;
#elif (ARDUINO >= 157) && !defined(ARDUINO_STM32_FEATHER) && \
!defined(TinyWireM_h)
_wire->setClock(desiredclk);
return true;
#else
(void)desiredclk;
return false;
#endif
}

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#ifndef Adafruit_I2CDevice_h
#define Adafruit_I2CDevice_h
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
///< The class which defines how we will talk to this device over I2C
class Adafruit_I2CDevice {
public:
Adafruit_I2CDevice(uint8_t addr, TwoWire *theWire = &Wire);
uint8_t address(void);
bool begin(bool addr_detect = true);
void end(void);
bool detected(void);
bool read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop = true);
bool write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop = true,
const uint8_t *prefix_buffer = nullptr, size_t prefix_len = 0);
bool write_then_read(const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_len,
uint8_t *read_buffer, size_t read_len,
bool stop = false);
bool setSpeed(uint32_t desiredclk);
/*! @brief How many bytes we can read in a transaction
* @return The size of the Wire receive/transmit buffer */
size_t maxBufferSize() { return _maxBufferSize; }
private:
uint8_t _addr;
TwoWire *_wire;
bool _begun;
size_t _maxBufferSize;
bool _read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, bool stop);
};
#endif // Adafruit_I2CDevice_h

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#ifndef _ADAFRUIT_I2C_REGISTER_H_
#define _ADAFRUIT_I2C_REGISTER_H_
#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
typedef Adafruit_BusIO_Register Adafruit_I2CRegister;
typedef Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits Adafruit_I2CRegisterBits;
#endif

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#include "Adafruit_SPIDevice.h"
//#define DEBUG_SERIAL Serial
/*!
* @brief Create an SPI device with the given CS pin and settings
* @param cspin The arduino pin number to use for chip select
* @param freq The SPI clock frequency to use, defaults to 1MHz
* @param dataOrder The SPI data order to use for bits within each byte,
* defaults to SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST
* @param dataMode The SPI mode to use, defaults to SPI_MODE0
* @param theSPI The SPI bus to use, defaults to &theSPI
*/
Adafruit_SPIDevice::Adafruit_SPIDevice(int8_t cspin, uint32_t freq,
BusIOBitOrder dataOrder,
uint8_t dataMode, SPIClass *theSPI) {
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
_cs = cspin;
_sck = _mosi = _miso = -1;
_spi = theSPI;
_begun = false;
_spiSetting = new SPISettings(freq, dataOrder, dataMode);
_freq = freq;
_dataOrder = dataOrder;
_dataMode = dataMode;
#else
// unused, but needed to suppress compiler warns
(void)cspin;
(void)freq;
(void)dataOrder;
(void)dataMode;
(void)theSPI;
#endif
}
/*!
* @brief Create an SPI device with the given CS pin and settings
* @param cspin The arduino pin number to use for chip select
* @param sckpin The arduino pin number to use for SCK
* @param misopin The arduino pin number to use for MISO, set to -1 if not
* used
* @param mosipin The arduino pin number to use for MOSI, set to -1 if not
* used
* @param freq The SPI clock frequency to use, defaults to 1MHz
* @param dataOrder The SPI data order to use for bits within each byte,
* defaults to SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST
* @param dataMode The SPI mode to use, defaults to SPI_MODE0
*/
Adafruit_SPIDevice::Adafruit_SPIDevice(int8_t cspin, int8_t sckpin,
int8_t misopin, int8_t mosipin,
uint32_t freq, BusIOBitOrder dataOrder,
uint8_t dataMode) {
_cs = cspin;
_sck = sckpin;
_miso = misopin;
_mosi = mosipin;
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
csPort = (BusIO_PortReg *)portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(cspin));
csPinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(cspin);
if (mosipin != -1) {
mosiPort = (BusIO_PortReg *)portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(mosipin));
mosiPinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(mosipin);
}
if (misopin != -1) {
misoPort = (BusIO_PortReg *)portInputRegister(digitalPinToPort(misopin));
misoPinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(misopin);
}
clkPort = (BusIO_PortReg *)portOutputRegister(digitalPinToPort(sckpin));
clkPinMask = digitalPinToBitMask(sckpin);
#endif
_freq = freq;
_dataOrder = dataOrder;
_dataMode = dataMode;
_begun = false;
}
/*!
* @brief Release memory allocated in constructors
*/
Adafruit_SPIDevice::~Adafruit_SPIDevice() {
if (_spiSetting)
delete _spiSetting;
}
/*!
* @brief Initializes SPI bus and sets CS pin high
* @return Always returns true because there's no way to test success of SPI
* init
*/
bool Adafruit_SPIDevice::begin(void) {
if (_cs != -1) {
pinMode(_cs, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(_cs, HIGH);
}
if (_spi) { // hardware SPI
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
_spi->begin();
#endif
} else {
pinMode(_sck, OUTPUT);
if ((_dataMode == SPI_MODE0) || (_dataMode == SPI_MODE1)) {
// idle low on mode 0 and 1
digitalWrite(_sck, LOW);
} else {
// idle high on mode 2 or 3
digitalWrite(_sck, HIGH);
}
if (_mosi != -1) {
pinMode(_mosi, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(_mosi, HIGH);
}
if (_miso != -1) {
pinMode(_miso, INPUT);
}
}
_begun = true;
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Transfer (send/receive) a buffer over hard/soft SPI, without
* transaction management
* @param buffer The buffer to send and receive at the same time
* @param len The number of bytes to transfer
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::transfer(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len) {
//
// HARDWARE SPI
//
if (_spi) {
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
#if defined(SPARK)
_spi->transfer(buffer, buffer, len, nullptr);
#elif defined(STM32)
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
_spi->transfer(buffer[i]);
}
#else
_spi->transfer(buffer, len);
#endif
return;
#endif
}
//
// SOFTWARE SPI
//
uint8_t startbit;
if (_dataOrder == SPI_BITORDER_LSBFIRST) {
startbit = 0x1;
} else {
startbit = 0x80;
}
bool towrite, lastmosi = !(buffer[0] & startbit);
uint8_t bitdelay_us = (1000000 / _freq) / 2;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
uint8_t reply = 0;
uint8_t send = buffer[i];
/*
Serial.print("\tSending software SPI byte 0x");
Serial.print(send, HEX);
Serial.print(" -> 0x");
*/
// Serial.print(send, HEX);
for (uint8_t b = startbit; b != 0;
b = (_dataOrder == SPI_BITORDER_LSBFIRST) ? b << 1 : b >> 1) {
if (bitdelay_us) {
delayMicroseconds(bitdelay_us);
}
if (_dataMode == SPI_MODE0 || _dataMode == SPI_MODE2) {
towrite = send & b;
if ((_mosi != -1) && (lastmosi != towrite)) {
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
if (towrite)
*mosiPort = *mosiPort | mosiPinMask;
else
*mosiPort = *mosiPort & ~mosiPinMask;
#else
digitalWrite(_mosi, towrite);
#endif
lastmosi = towrite;
}
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
*clkPort = *clkPort | clkPinMask; // Clock high
#else
digitalWrite(_sck, HIGH);
#endif
if (bitdelay_us) {
delayMicroseconds(bitdelay_us);
}
if (_miso != -1) {
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
if (*misoPort & misoPinMask) {
#else
if (digitalRead(_miso)) {
#endif
reply |= b;
}
}
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
*clkPort = *clkPort & ~clkPinMask; // Clock low
#else
digitalWrite(_sck, LOW);
#endif
} else { // if (_dataMode == SPI_MODE1 || _dataMode == SPI_MODE3)
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
*clkPort = *clkPort | clkPinMask; // Clock high
#else
digitalWrite(_sck, HIGH);
#endif
if (bitdelay_us) {
delayMicroseconds(bitdelay_us);
}
if (_mosi != -1) {
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
if (send & b)
*mosiPort = *mosiPort | mosiPinMask;
else
*mosiPort = *mosiPort & ~mosiPinMask;
#else
digitalWrite(_mosi, send & b);
#endif
}
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
*clkPort = *clkPort & ~clkPinMask; // Clock low
#else
digitalWrite(_sck, LOW);
#endif
if (_miso != -1) {
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
if (*misoPort & misoPinMask) {
#else
if (digitalRead(_miso)) {
#endif
reply |= b;
}
}
}
if (_miso != -1) {
buffer[i] = reply;
}
}
}
return;
}
/*!
* @brief Transfer (send/receive) one byte over hard/soft SPI, without
* transaction management
* @param send The byte to send
* @return The byte received while transmitting
*/
uint8_t Adafruit_SPIDevice::transfer(uint8_t send) {
uint8_t data = send;
transfer(&data, 1);
return data;
}
/*!
* @brief Manually begin a transaction (calls beginTransaction if hardware
* SPI)
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::beginTransaction(void) {
if (_spi) {
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
_spi->beginTransaction(*_spiSetting);
#endif
}
}
/*!
* @brief Manually end a transaction (calls endTransaction if hardware SPI)
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::endTransaction(void) {
if (_spi) {
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
_spi->endTransaction();
#endif
}
}
/*!
* @brief Assert/Deassert the CS pin if it is defined
* @param value The state the CS is set to
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::setChipSelect(int value) {
if (_cs != -1) {
digitalWrite(_cs, value);
}
}
/*!
* @brief Write a buffer or two to the SPI device, with transaction
* management.
* @brief Manually begin a transaction (calls beginTransaction if hardware
* SPI) with asserting the CS pin
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::beginTransactionWithAssertingCS() {
beginTransaction();
setChipSelect(LOW);
}
/*!
* @brief Manually end a transaction (calls endTransaction if hardware SPI)
* with deasserting the CS pin
*/
void Adafruit_SPIDevice::endTransactionWithDeassertingCS() {
setChipSelect(HIGH);
endTransaction();
}
/*!
* @brief Write a buffer or two to the SPI device, with transaction
* management.
* @param buffer Pointer to buffer of data to write
* @param len Number of bytes from buffer to write
* @param prefix_buffer Pointer to optional array of data to write before
* buffer.
* @param prefix_len Number of bytes from prefix buffer to write
* @return Always returns true because there's no way to test success of SPI
* writes
*/
bool Adafruit_SPIDevice::write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t len,
const uint8_t *prefix_buffer,
size_t prefix_len) {
beginTransactionWithAssertingCS();
// do the writing
#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
if (_spi) {
if (prefix_len > 0) {
_spi->transferBytes((uint8_t *)prefix_buffer, nullptr, prefix_len);
}
if (len > 0) {
_spi->transferBytes((uint8_t *)buffer, nullptr, len);
}
} else
#endif
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < prefix_len; i++) {
transfer(prefix_buffer[i]);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
transfer(buffer[i]);
}
}
endTransactionWithDeassertingCS();
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tSPIDevice Wrote: "));
if ((prefix_len != 0) && (prefix_buffer != nullptr)) {
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < prefix_len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(prefix_buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
}
}
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (i % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
#endif
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Read from SPI into a buffer from the SPI device, with transaction
* management.
* @param buffer Pointer to buffer of data to read into
* @param len Number of bytes from buffer to read.
* @param sendvalue The 8-bits of data to write when doing the data read,
* defaults to 0xFF
* @return Always returns true because there's no way to test success of SPI
* writes
*/
bool Adafruit_SPIDevice::read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, uint8_t sendvalue) {
memset(buffer, sendvalue, len); // clear out existing buffer
beginTransactionWithAssertingCS();
transfer(buffer, len);
endTransactionWithDeassertingCS();
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tSPIDevice Read: "));
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (len % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
#endif
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Write some data, then read some data from SPI into another buffer,
* with transaction management. The buffers can point to same/overlapping
* locations. This does not transmit-receive at the same time!
* @param write_buffer Pointer to buffer of data to write from
* @param write_len Number of bytes from buffer to write.
* @param read_buffer Pointer to buffer of data to read into.
* @param read_len Number of bytes from buffer to read.
* @param sendvalue The 8-bits of data to write when doing the data read,
* defaults to 0xFF
* @return Always returns true because there's no way to test success of SPI
* writes
*/
bool Adafruit_SPIDevice::write_then_read(const uint8_t *write_buffer,
size_t write_len, uint8_t *read_buffer,
size_t read_len, uint8_t sendvalue) {
beginTransactionWithAssertingCS();
// do the writing
#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
if (_spi) {
if (write_len > 0) {
_spi->transferBytes((uint8_t *)write_buffer, nullptr, write_len);
}
} else
#endif
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < write_len; i++) {
transfer(write_buffer[i]);
}
}
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tSPIDevice Wrote: "));
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < write_len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(write_buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (write_len % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
#endif
// do the reading
for (size_t i = 0; i < read_len; i++) {
read_buffer[i] = transfer(sendvalue);
}
#ifdef DEBUG_SERIAL
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("\tSPIDevice Read: "));
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < read_len; i++) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F("0x"));
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(read_buffer[i], HEX);
DEBUG_SERIAL.print(F(", "));
if (read_len % 32 == 31) {
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
}
}
DEBUG_SERIAL.println();
#endif
endTransactionWithDeassertingCS();
return true;
}
/*!
* @brief Write some data and read some data at the same time from SPI
* into the same buffer, with transaction management. This is basicaly a wrapper
* for transfer() with CS-pin and transaction management. This /does/
* transmit-receive at the same time!
* @param buffer Pointer to buffer of data to write/read to/from
* @param len Number of bytes from buffer to write/read.
* @return Always returns true because there's no way to test success of SPI
* writes
*/
bool Adafruit_SPIDevice::write_and_read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len) {
beginTransactionWithAssertingCS();
transfer(buffer, len);
endTransactionWithDeassertingCS();
return true;
}

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#ifndef Adafruit_SPIDevice_h
#define Adafruit_SPIDevice_h
#include <Arduino.h>
#if !defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) || \
(defined(SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT) && (SPI_INTERFACES_COUNT > 0))
// HW SPI available
#include <SPI.h>
#define BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
#else
// SW SPI ONLY
enum { SPI_MODE0, SPI_MODE1, SPI_MODE2, _SPI_MODE4 };
typedef uint8_t SPIClass;
#endif
// some modern SPI definitions don't have BitOrder enum
#if (defined(__AVR__) && !defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MEGAAVR)) || \
defined(ESP8266) || defined(TEENSYDUINO) || defined(SPARK) || \
defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SPRESENSE) || defined(MEGATINYCORE) || \
defined(DXCORE) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega4809) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega4808) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega3209) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega3208) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega1609) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega1608) || defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega809) || \
defined(ARDUINO_AVR_ATmega808) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ARC32) || \
defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_XMC) || defined(ARDUINO_SILABS)
typedef enum _BitOrder {
SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST = MSBFIRST,
SPI_BITORDER_LSBFIRST = LSBFIRST,
} BusIOBitOrder;
#elif defined(ESP32) || defined(__ASR6501__) || defined(__ASR6502__)
// some modern SPI definitions don't have BitOrder enum and have different SPI
// mode defines
typedef enum _BitOrder {
SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST = SPI_MSBFIRST,
SPI_BITORDER_LSBFIRST = SPI_LSBFIRST,
} BusIOBitOrder;
#else
// Some platforms have a BitOrder enum but its named MSBFIRST/LSBFIRST
#define SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST MSBFIRST
#define SPI_BITORDER_LSBFIRST LSBFIRST
typedef BitOrder BusIOBitOrder;
#endif
#if defined(__IMXRT1062__) // Teensy 4.x
// *Warning* I disabled the usage of FAST_PINIO as the set/clear operations
// used in the cpp file are not atomic and can effect multiple IO pins
// and if an interrupt happens in between the time the code reads the register
// and writes out the updated value, that changes one or more other IO pins
// on that same IO port, those change will be clobbered when the updated
// values are written back. A fast version can be implemented that uses the
// ports set and clear registers which are atomic.
// typedef volatile uint32_t BusIO_PortReg;
// typedef uint32_t BusIO_PortMask;
//#define BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_XMC)
#undef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#elif defined(__AVR__) || defined(TEENSYDUINO)
typedef volatile uint8_t BusIO_PortReg;
typedef uint8_t BusIO_PortMask;
#define BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32) || defined(__SAM3X8E__) || \
defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD)
typedef volatile uint32_t BusIO_PortReg;
typedef uint32_t BusIO_PortMask;
#define BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#elif (defined(__arm__) || defined(ARDUINO_FEATHER52)) && \
!defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED) && !defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040) && \
!defined(ARDUINO_SILABS)
typedef volatile uint32_t BusIO_PortReg;
typedef uint32_t BusIO_PortMask;
#if !defined(__ASR6501__) && !defined(__ASR6502__)
#define BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#endif
#else
#undef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
#endif
/**! The class which defines how we will talk to this device over SPI **/
class Adafruit_SPIDevice {
public:
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
Adafruit_SPIDevice(int8_t cspin, uint32_t freq = 1000000,
BusIOBitOrder dataOrder = SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST,
uint8_t dataMode = SPI_MODE0, SPIClass *theSPI = &SPI);
#else
Adafruit_SPIDevice(int8_t cspin, uint32_t freq = 1000000,
BusIOBitOrder dataOrder = SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST,
uint8_t dataMode = SPI_MODE0, SPIClass *theSPI = nullptr);
#endif
Adafruit_SPIDevice(int8_t cspin, int8_t sck, int8_t miso, int8_t mosi,
uint32_t freq = 1000000,
BusIOBitOrder dataOrder = SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST,
uint8_t dataMode = SPI_MODE0);
~Adafruit_SPIDevice();
bool begin(void);
bool read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len, uint8_t sendvalue = 0xFF);
bool write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t len,
const uint8_t *prefix_buffer = nullptr, size_t prefix_len = 0);
bool write_then_read(const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_len,
uint8_t *read_buffer, size_t read_len,
uint8_t sendvalue = 0xFF);
bool write_and_read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len);
uint8_t transfer(uint8_t send);
void transfer(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len);
void beginTransaction(void);
void endTransaction(void);
void beginTransactionWithAssertingCS();
void endTransactionWithDeassertingCS();
private:
#ifdef BUSIO_HAS_HW_SPI
SPIClass *_spi = nullptr;
SPISettings *_spiSetting = nullptr;
#else
uint8_t *_spi = nullptr;
uint8_t *_spiSetting = nullptr;
#endif
uint32_t _freq;
BusIOBitOrder _dataOrder;
uint8_t _dataMode;
void setChipSelect(int value);
int8_t _cs, _sck, _mosi, _miso;
#ifdef BUSIO_USE_FAST_PINIO
BusIO_PortReg *mosiPort, *clkPort, *misoPort, *csPort;
BusIO_PortMask mosiPinMask, misoPinMask, clkPinMask, csPinMask;
#endif
bool _begun;
};
#endif // Adafruit_SPIDevice_h

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# Adafruit Bus IO Library
# https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BusIO
# MIT License
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
idf_component_register(SRCS "Adafruit_I2CDevice.cpp" "Adafruit_BusIO_Register.cpp" "Adafruit_SPIDevice.cpp"
INCLUDE_DIRS "."
REQUIRES arduino)
project(Adafruit_BusIO)

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2017 Adafruit Industries
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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# Adafruit Bus IO Library [![Build Status](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BusIO/workflows/Arduino%20Library%20CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BusIO/actions)
This is a helper library to abstract away I2C & SPI transactions and registers
Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code, please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing products from Adafruit!
MIT license, all text above must be included in any redistribution

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COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS = .

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#include <Adafruit_I2CDevice.h>
Adafruit_I2CDevice i2c_dev = Adafruit_I2CDevice(0x10);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("I2C address detection test");
if (!i2c_dev.begin()) {
Serial.print("Did not find device at 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
while (1);
}
Serial.print("Device found on address 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
}
void loop() {
}

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#include <Adafruit_I2CDevice.h>
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x60
Adafruit_I2CDevice i2c_dev = Adafruit_I2CDevice(I2C_ADDRESS);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("I2C device read and write test");
if (!i2c_dev.begin()) {
Serial.print("Did not find device at 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
while (1);
}
Serial.print("Device found on address 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
uint8_t buffer[32];
// Try to read 32 bytes
i2c_dev.read(buffer, 32);
Serial.print("Read: ");
for (uint8_t i=0; i<32; i++) {
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(buffer[i], HEX); Serial.print(", ");
}
Serial.println();
// read a register by writing first, then reading
buffer[0] = 0x0C; // we'll reuse the same buffer
i2c_dev.write_then_read(buffer, 1, buffer, 2, false);
Serial.print("Write then Read: ");
for (uint8_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(buffer[i], HEX); Serial.print(", ");
}
Serial.println();
}
void loop() {
}

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#include <Adafruit_I2CDevice.h>
#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x60
Adafruit_I2CDevice i2c_dev = Adafruit_I2CDevice(I2C_ADDRESS);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("I2C device register test");
if (!i2c_dev.begin()) {
Serial.print("Did not find device at 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
while (1);
}
Serial.print("Device found on address 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev.address(), HEX);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register id_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&i2c_dev, 0x0C, 2, LSBFIRST);
uint16_t id;
id_reg.read(&id);
Serial.print("ID register = 0x"); Serial.println(id, HEX);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register thresh_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&i2c_dev, 0x01, 2, LSBFIRST);
uint16_t thresh;
thresh_reg.read(&thresh);
Serial.print("Initial threshold register = 0x"); Serial.println(thresh, HEX);
thresh_reg.write(~thresh);
Serial.print("Post threshold register = 0x"); Serial.println(thresh_reg.read(), HEX);
}
void loop() {
}

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#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
// Define which interface to use by setting the unused interface to NULL!
#define SPIDEVICE_CS 10
Adafruit_SPIDevice *spi_dev = NULL; // new Adafruit_SPIDevice(SPIDEVICE_CS);
#define I2C_ADDRESS 0x5D
Adafruit_I2CDevice *i2c_dev = new Adafruit_I2CDevice(I2C_ADDRESS);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("I2C or SPI device register test");
if (spi_dev && !spi_dev->begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not initialize SPI device");
}
if (i2c_dev) {
if (i2c_dev->begin()) {
Serial.print("Device found on I2C address 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev->address(), HEX);
} else {
Serial.print("Did not find I2C device at 0x");
Serial.println(i2c_dev->address(), HEX);
}
}
Adafruit_BusIO_Register id_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(i2c_dev, spi_dev, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD, 0x0F);
uint8_t id=0;
id_reg.read(&id);
Serial.print("ID register = 0x"); Serial.println(id, HEX);
}
void loop() {
}

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#include <Adafruit_SPIDevice.h>
#define SPIDEVICE_CS 10
Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice(SPIDEVICE_CS, 100000, SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE1);
//Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice(SPIDEVICE_CS, 13, 12, 11, 100000, SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE1);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("SPI device mode test");
if (!spi_dev.begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not initialize SPI device");
while (1);
}
}
void loop() {
Serial.println("\n\nTransfer test");
for (uint16_t x=0; x<=0xFF; x++) {
uint8_t i = x;
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(i, HEX);
spi_dev.read(&i, 1, i);
Serial.print("/"); Serial.print(i, HEX);
Serial.print(", ");
delay(25);
}
}

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#include <Adafruit_SPIDevice.h>
#define SPIDEVICE_CS 10
Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice(SPIDEVICE_CS);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("SPI device read and write test");
if (!spi_dev.begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not initialize SPI device");
while (1);
}
uint8_t buffer[32];
// Try to read 32 bytes
spi_dev.read(buffer, 32);
Serial.print("Read: ");
for (uint8_t i=0; i<32; i++) {
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(buffer[i], HEX); Serial.print(", ");
}
Serial.println();
// read a register by writing first, then reading
buffer[0] = 0x8F; // we'll reuse the same buffer
spi_dev.write_then_read(buffer, 1, buffer, 2, false);
Serial.print("Write then Read: ");
for (uint8_t i=0; i<2; i++) {
Serial.print("0x"); Serial.print(buffer[i], HEX); Serial.print(", ");
}
Serial.println();
}
void loop() {
}

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/***************************************************
This is an example for how to use Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits from Adafruit_BusIO library.
Designed specifically to work with the Adafruit RTD Sensor
----> https://www.adafruit.com/products/3328
uisng a MAX31865 RTD-to-Digital Converter
----> https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX31865.pdf
This sensor uses SPI to communicate, 4 pins are required to
interface.
A fifth pin helps to detect when a new conversion is ready.
Adafruit invests time and resources providing this open source code,
please support Adafruit and open-source hardware by purchasing
products from Adafruit!
Example written (2020/3) by Andreas Hardtung/AnHard.
BSD license, all text above must be included in any redistribution
****************************************************/
#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
#include <Adafruit_SPIDevice.h>
#define MAX31865_SPI_SPEED (5000000)
#define MAX31865_SPI_BITORDER (SPI_BITORDER_MSBFIRST)
#define MAX31865_SPI_MODE (SPI_MODE1)
#define MAX31865_SPI_CS (10)
#define MAX31865_READY_PIN (2)
Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice( MAX31865_SPI_CS, MAX31865_SPI_SPEED, MAX31865_SPI_BITORDER, MAX31865_SPI_MODE, &SPI); // Hardware SPI
// Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice( MAX31865_SPI_CS, 13, 12, 11, MAX31865_SPI_SPEED, MAX31865_SPI_BITORDER, MAX31865_SPI_MODE); // Software SPI
// MAX31865 chip related *********************************************************************************************
Adafruit_BusIO_Register config_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x00, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE, 1, MSBFIRST);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits bias_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 7);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits auto_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 6);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits oneS_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 5);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits wire_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 4);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits faultT_bits = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 2, 2);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits faultR_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits fi50hz_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&config_reg, 1, 0);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register rRatio_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x01, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE, 2, MSBFIRST);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits rRatio_bits = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&rRatio_reg, 15, 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&rRatio_reg, 1, 0);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register maxRratio_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x03, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE, 2, MSBFIRST);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits maxRratio_bits = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&maxRratio_reg, 15, 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register minRratio_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x05, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE, 2, MSBFIRST);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits minRratio_bits = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&minRratio_reg, 15, 1);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register fault_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x07, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOWRITE, 1, MSBFIRST);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits range_high_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 7);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits range_low_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 6);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits refin_high_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 5);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits refin_low_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 4);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits rtdin_low_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 3);
Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits voltage_fault_bit = Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits(&fault_reg, 1, 2);
// Print the details of the configuration register.
void printConfig( void ) {
Serial.print("BIAS: "); if (bias_bit.read() ) Serial.print("ON"); else Serial.print("OFF");
Serial.print(", AUTO: "); if (auto_bit.read() ) Serial.print("ON"); else Serial.print("OFF");
Serial.print(", ONES: "); if (oneS_bit.read() ) Serial.print("ON"); else Serial.print("OFF");
Serial.print(", WIRE: "); if (wire_bit.read() ) Serial.print("3"); else Serial.print("2/4");
Serial.print(", FAULTCLEAR: "); if (faultR_bit.read() ) Serial.print("ON"); else Serial.print("OFF");
Serial.print(", "); if (fi50hz_bit.read() ) Serial.print("50HZ"); else Serial.print("60HZ");
Serial.println();
}
// Check and print faults. Then clear them.
void checkFaults( void ) {
if (fault_bit.read()) {
Serial.print("MAX: "); Serial.println(maxRratio_bits.read());
Serial.print("VAL: "); Serial.println( rRatio_bits.read());
Serial.print("MIN: "); Serial.println(minRratio_bits.read());
if (range_high_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("Range high fault");
if ( range_low_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("Range low fault");
if (refin_high_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("REFIN high fault");
if ( refin_low_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("REFIN low fault");
if ( rtdin_low_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("RTDIN low fault");
if ( voltage_fault_bit.read() ) Serial.println("Voltage fault");
faultR_bit.write(1); // clear fault
}
}
void setup() {
#if (MAX31865_1_READY_PIN != -1)
pinMode(MAX31865_READY_PIN ,INPUT_PULLUP);
#endif
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("SPI Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits test on MAX31865");
if (!spi_dev.begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not initialize SPI device");
while (1);
}
// Set up for automode 50Hz. We don't care about selfheating. We want the highest possible sampling rate.
auto_bit.write(0); // Don't switch filtermode while auto_mode is on.
fi50hz_bit.write(1); // Set filter to 50Hz mode.
faultR_bit.write(1); // Clear faults.
bias_bit.write(1); // In automode we want to have the bias current always on.
delay(5); // Wait until bias current settles down.
// 10.5 time constants of the input RC network is required.
// 10ms worst case for 10kω reference resistor and a 0.1µF capacitor across the RTD inputs.
// Adafruit Module has 0.1µF and only 430/4300ω So here 0.43/4.3ms
auto_bit.write(1); // Now we can set automode. Automatically starting first conversion.
// Test the READY_PIN
#if (defined( MAX31865_READY_PIN ) && (MAX31865_READY_PIN != -1))
int i = 0;
while (digitalRead(MAX31865_READY_PIN) && i++ <= 100) { delay(1); }
if (i >= 100) {
Serial.print("ERROR: Max31865 Pin detection does not work. PIN:");
Serial.println(MAX31865_READY_PIN);
}
#else
delay(100);
#endif
// Set ratio range.
// Setting the temperatures would need some more calculation - not related to Adafruit_BusIO_RegisterBits.
uint16_t ratio = rRatio_bits.read();
maxRratio_bits.write( (ratio < 0x8fffu-1000u) ? ratio + 1000u : 0x8fffu );
minRratio_bits.write( (ratio > 1000u) ? ratio - 1000u : 0u );
printConfig();
checkFaults();
}
void loop() {
#if (defined( MAX31865_READY_PIN ) && (MAX31865_1_READY_PIN != -1))
// Is conversion ready?
if (!digitalRead(MAX31865_READY_PIN))
#else
// Warant conversion is ready.
delay(21); // 21ms for 50Hz-mode. 19ms in 60Hz-mode.
#endif
{
// Read ratio, calculate temperature, scale, filter and print.
Serial.println( rRatio2C( rRatio_bits.read() ) * 100.0f, 0); // Temperature scaled by 100
// Check, print, clear faults.
checkFaults();
}
// Do something else.
//delay(15000);
}
// Module/Sensor related. Here Adafruit PT100 module with a 2_Wire PT100 Class C *****************************
float rRatio2C(uint16_t ratio) {
// A simple linear conversion.
const float R0 = 100.0f;
const float Rref = 430.0f;
const float alphaPT = 0.003850f;
const float ADCmax = (1u << 15) - 1.0f;
const float rscale = Rref / ADCmax;
// Measured temperature in boiling water 101.08°C with factor a = 1 and b = 0. Rref and MAX at about 22±2°C.
// Measured temperature in ice/water bath 0.76°C with factor a = 1 and b = 0. Rref and MAX at about 22±2°C.
//const float a = 1.0f / (alphaPT * R0);
const float a = (100.0f/101.08f) / (alphaPT * R0);
//const float b = 0.0f; // 101.08
const float b = -0.76f; // 100.32 > 101.08
return filterRing( ((ratio * rscale) - R0) * a + b );
}
// General purpose *********************************************************************************************
#define RINGLENGTH 250
float filterRing( float newVal ) {
static float ring[RINGLENGTH] = { 0.0 };
static uint8_t ringIndex = 0;
static bool ringFull = false;
if ( ringIndex == RINGLENGTH ) { ringFull = true; ringIndex = 0; }
ring[ringIndex] = newVal;
uint8_t loopEnd = (ringFull) ? RINGLENGTH : ringIndex + 1;
float ringSum = 0.0f;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < loopEnd; i++) ringSum += ring[i];
ringIndex++;
return ringSum / loopEnd;
}

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#include <Adafruit_BusIO_Register.h>
#include <Adafruit_SPIDevice.h>
#define SPIDEVICE_CS 10
Adafruit_SPIDevice spi_dev = Adafruit_SPIDevice(SPIDEVICE_CS);
void setup() {
while (!Serial) { delay(10); }
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("SPI device register test");
if (!spi_dev.begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not initialize SPI device");
while (1);
}
Adafruit_BusIO_Register id_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x0F, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD);
uint8_t id = 0;
id_reg.read(&id);
Serial.print("ID register = 0x"); Serial.println(id, HEX);
Adafruit_BusIO_Register thresh_reg = Adafruit_BusIO_Register(&spi_dev, 0x0C, ADDRBIT8_HIGH_TOREAD, 2, LSBFIRST);
uint16_t thresh = 0;
thresh_reg.read(&thresh);
Serial.print("Initial threshold register = 0x"); Serial.println(thresh, HEX);
thresh_reg.write(~thresh);
Serial.print("Post threshold register = 0x"); Serial.println(thresh_reg.read(), HEX);
}
void loop() {
}

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name=Adafruit BusIO
version=1.15.0
author=Adafruit
maintainer=Adafruit <info@adafruit.com>
sentence=This is a library for abstracting away I2C and SPI interfacing
paragraph=This is a library for abstracting away I2C and SPI interfacing
category=Signal Input/Output
url=https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BusIO
architectures=*