794 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
794 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# GasFlux Web API 项目交接文档
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> **文档版本**: 1.0
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> **最后更新**: 2026年4月13日
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> **项目路径**: `e:\code\CO2data\gasflux-develop\gasflux-develop-no-dockerV6`
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---
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## 1. 项目概述
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### 1.1 项目简介
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GasFlux 是一个专业的气体通量处理系统,用于处理无人机或飞行器采集的气体浓度数据,计算气体通量(如 CO₂、CH₄ 等)。该系统集成了完整的数据处理流程,包括数据预处理、背景校正、空间插值和报告生成。
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### 1.2 核心功能
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- **数据上传与处理**: 支持 Excel 文件 (.xlsx, .xls) 上传和异步处理
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- **气体通量计算**: 支持 CO₂、CH₄ 等温室气体的通量计算
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- **背景校正**: 集成 FastChrom 背景校正算法
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- **空间插值**: 克里金 (Kriging) 插值算法
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- **报告生成**: 自动生成 HTML 分析报告和数据导出
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- **实时监控**: 任务状态实时查询和监控
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- **RESTful API**: 完整的 Web API 接口
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### 1.3 技术栈
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- **后端框架**: Flask + Waitress WSGI 服务器
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- **数据处理**: Pandas, NumPy, SciPy
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- **空间分析**: scikit-gstat (地质统计学)
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- **机器学习**: scikit-learn
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- **可视化**: Matplotlib
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- **数据库**: SQLite (任务状态持久化)
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- **配置管理**: INI 文件 + 环境变量
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---
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## 2. 项目结构
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```
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gasflux-develop-no-dockerV6/
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├── server_waitress.py # 生产服务器入口点 (★核心文件)
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├── run_api.py # 开发环境 API 启动脚本
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├── create_api_key.py # API 密钥管理工具
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├── requirements.txt # Python 依赖列表
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├── build_exe.bat/.sh # 可执行文件构建脚本
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│
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├── src/gasflux/ # 核心源代码
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│ ├── app.py # Flask 应用主入口
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│ ├── config_reader.py # INI 配置文件读取器
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│ ├── processing.py # 数据处理算法
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│ ├── processing_pipelines.py # 处理流程编排
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│ ├── data_processor.py # 数据预处理
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│ ├── background.py # 背景校正算法
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│ ├── interpolation.py # 空间插值算法
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│ ├── plotting.py # 可视化图表生成
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│ ├── reporting.py # 报告生成
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│ ├── gas.py # 气体属性计算
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│ ├── ml.py # 机器学习模块
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│ ├── db.py # 数据库管理
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│ ├── auth.py # 认证与授权
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│ ├── shared.py # 共享工具和常量
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│ ├── janitor.py # 后台清理任务
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│ ├── blueprints/ # Flask 蓝图 (API 端点)
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│ │ ├── upload.py # 文件上传处理
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│ │ ├── tasks.py # 任务管理
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│ │ ├── task_pool.py # 任务池管理
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│ │ ├── download.py # 文件下载
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│ │ ├── reports.py # 报告查询
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│ │ ├── health.py # 健康检查
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│ │ ├── stats.py # 统计信息
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│ │ ├── config.py # 配置信息
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│ │ ├── web.py # Web 界面
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│ │ └── api_keys.py # API 密钥管理
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│ └── gasflux_config.yaml # 默认 YAML 配置文件
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│
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├── web_api_data/ # 数据存储目录
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│ ├── uploads/ # 上传文件存储
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│ └── outputs/ # 处理结果输出
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│
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└── docs/ # 文档目录
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├── API_DOCUMENTATION.md # 完整 API 文档
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├── WAITRESS_DEPLOYMENT.md # Waitress 部署指南
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├── README.md # 项目说明
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└── *.md # 其他文档
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```
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---
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## 3. 核心组件详解
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### 3.1 server_waitress.py (生产服务器入口)
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**文件作用**: 使用 Waitress WSGI 服务器启动 GasFlux Web API 的生产环境入口点。
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**关键特性**:
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- 支持完整 GasFlux 处理功能
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- 任务池管理和异步处理
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- 实时任务状态监控
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- 报告生成和文件下载
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- 健康监控和统计信息
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**启动方式**:
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```bash
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# 直接运行
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python server_waitress.py
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# 或使用 PyInstaller 打包
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pyinstaller --onefile --name GasFluxAPI server_waitress.py
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```
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**启动后输出示例**:
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```
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Starting GasFlux Web API with Waitress...
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✓ GasFlux app imported successfully
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✓ Task pool management enabled
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✓ All blueprints loaded: upload, tasks, task_pool, download, reports, health, stats, config, web
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✓ Waitress WSGI server imported
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Starting Waitress server on 0.0.0.0:5000
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- Threads: 8
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- Connection limit: 100
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- Channel timeout: 300s
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- Base URL: http://localhost:5000
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```
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**主要代码结构**:
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```python
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# 1. 环境设置
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os.environ['MPLBACKEND'] = 'Agg' # 避免 GUI 依赖
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sys.path.insert(0, str(project_root))
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sys.path.insert(0, str(src_dir))
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# 2. 配置加载
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from src.gasflux.app import Config
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host = Config.HOST
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port = Config.PORT
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threads = Config.THREADS
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# 3. 启动 Waitress 服务器
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from waitress import serve
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serve(app, host=host, port=port, threads=threads, ...)
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```
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### 3.2 src/gasflux/app.py (Flask 应用核心)
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**文件作用**: Flask 应用的主入口,定义了 Config 配置类和 API 统计收集器。
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**核心类**:
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#### Config 类
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```python
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class Config:
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"""配置管理,从 INI 文件读取,支持环境变量覆盖"""
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# 服务器配置
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HOST = config_reader.host # 默认: 0.0.0.0
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PORT = config_reader.port # 默认: 5000
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DEBUG = config_reader.debug # 默认: false
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BASE_URL = config_reader.base_url # 默认: http://localhost:5000
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# 目录配置
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UPLOAD_FOLDER = ... # 上传文件目录
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OUTPUT_FOLDER = ... # 输出文件目录
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# 性能配置
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THREADS = config_reader.threads # 默认: 8
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CONNECTION_LIMIT = config_reader.connection_limit # 默认: 100
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CHANNEL_TIMEOUT = config_reader.channel_timeout # 默认: 300
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# 任务清理配置
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TASK_CLEANUP_INTERVAL = 3600 # 清理间隔(秒)
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MAX_TASK_AGE = 86400 # 最大任务年龄
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SUCCESSFUL_TASK_CLEANUP_AGE = 3600 # 成功任务清理时间
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FAILED_TASK_CLEANUP_AGE = 604800 # 失败任务清理时间
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```
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#### APIStatsCollector 类
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收集 API 统计信息,包括:
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- 请求统计 (按方法、端点、状态码)
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- 任务统计 (创建、完成、失败)
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- 性能指标 (响应时间、错误率)
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- 系统资源 (内存、磁盘使用)
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### 3.3 src/gasflux/config_reader.py (配置读取器)
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**文件作用**: 从 INI 文件读取配置,支持环境变量覆盖。
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**配置文件优先级**:
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1. 当前目录 `gasflux.ini`
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2. 当前目录 `config.ini`
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3. 项目根目录 `gasflux.ini`
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**默认配置项** (gasflux.ini 示例):
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```ini
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[server]
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host = 0.0.0.0
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port = 5000
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debug = false
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base_url = http://localhost:5000
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[paths]
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uploads = ./web_api_data/uploads
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outputs = ./web_api_data/outputs
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[limits]
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max_content_length = 104857600
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[logging]
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level = INFO
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file = logs/gasflux_api.log
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[performance]
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threads = 8
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connection_limit = 100
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channel_timeout = 300
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[cleanup]
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task_cleanup_interval = 3600
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max_task_age = 86400
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successful_task_cleanup_age = 3600
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failed_task_cleanup_age = 604800
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[security]
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admin_bootstrap_key = your_bootstrap_key_here
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[database]
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path = web_api_data/outputs/gasflux.db
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```
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---
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## 4. API 端点一览
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### 4.1 监控和健康检查
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| 端点 | 方法 | 描述 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `/health` | GET | 健康状态检查 |
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| `/stats` | GET | 系统统计信息 |
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| `/stats/reset` | POST | 重置统计信息 |
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| `/config` | GET | 配置信息 |
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### 4.2 文件上传和任务管理
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| 端点 | 方法 | 描述 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `/upload` | POST | 文件上传和处理 |
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| `/task/<task_id>` | GET | 查询任务状态 |
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| `/task/<task_id>` | PUT | 更新任务状态 |
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| `/task/<task_id>` | DELETE | 删除任务 |
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| `/tasks` | GET | 任务池列表 (分页) |
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| `/tasks/stats` | GET | 任务池统计 |
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| `/tasks/active` | GET | 活跃任务 |
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| `/tasks/queue` | GET | 队列任务 |
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### 4.3 报告和下载
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| 端点 | 方法 | 描述 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `/reports` | GET | 分页查询报告 |
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| `/download/<filename>` | GET | 下载文件 |
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| `/` | GET | Web 管理界面 |
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### 4.4 API 密钥管理
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| 端点 | 方法 | 描述 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `/api_keys` | GET | 列出 API 密钥 |
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| `/api_keys` | POST | 创建 API 密钥 |
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| `/api_keys/<key>` | DELETE | 撤销 API 密钥 |
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---
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## 5. 数据流和业务流程
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### 5.1 文件上传处理流程
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```
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1. 客户端上传文件
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↓
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2. upload.py 验证文件类型和大小
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↓
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3. 生成 UUID 任务 ID
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↓
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4. 创建任务目录 (uploads/<task_id>/, outputs/<task_id>/)
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↓
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5. 保存上传文件
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↓
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6. 初始化任务状态 (SQLite 数据库)
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↓
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7. 启动后台线程处理 (process_data_async)
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↓
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8. 返回 202 Accepted,包含 task_id
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```
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### 5.2 后台数据处理流程
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```
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process_data_async(task_id, data_path, config_path, output_dir)
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↓
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1. 加载 YAML 配置文件
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↓
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2. 数据预处理 (data_processor.py)
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- 读取 Excel/CSV
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- 数据验证 (列名、类型、范围)
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- 单位转换
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↓
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3. GasFlux 核心分析 (processing_pipelines.py)
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- 背景校正 (background.py)
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- 空间处理 (平面拟合、航段提取)
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- 通量计算 (processing.py)
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- 克里金插值 (interpolation.py)
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↓
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4. 可视化生成 (plotting.py)
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- 浓度分布图
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- 风场图
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- 插值结果图
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↓
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5. 报告生成 (reporting.py)
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- HTML 报告
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- 输出变量 JSON
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↓
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6. 更新任务状态为 completed
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↓
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7. 客户端通过 /task/<id> 查询结果
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```
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---
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## 6. 配置管理
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### 6.1 INI 配置文件 (推荐)
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创建 `gasflux.ini` 文件:
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```ini
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[server]
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host = 0.0.0.0
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port = 5000
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[paths]
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uploads = ./web_api_data/uploads
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outputs = ./web_api_data/outputs
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[performance]
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threads = 8
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connection_limit = 100
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[security]
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admin_bootstrap_key = your_secure_key_here
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```
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### 6.2 环境变量覆盖
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| 环境变量 | 说明 | 默认值 |
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|----------|------|--------|
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| `GASFLUX_HOST` | 监听地址 | 0.0.0.0 |
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| `GASFLUX_PORT` | 监听端口 | 5000 |
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| `GASFLUX_LOG_LEVEL` | 日志级别 | INFO |
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| `GASFLUX_THREADS` | 工作线程数 | 8 |
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| `GASFLMAX_CONTENT_LENGTH` | 最大文件大小 | 104857600 (100MB) |
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### 6.3 YAML 配置文件 (处理参数)
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处理数据时使用的配置 `gasflux_config.yaml`:
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```yaml
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output_dir: ./output
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required_cols:
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latitude: [-90, 90]
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longitude: [-180, 180]
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height_ato: [0, 200]
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windspeed: [0, 20]
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temperature: [-50, 60]
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pressure: [900, 1100]
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gases:
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ch4: [1.5, 10.0]
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co2: [300, 500]
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strategies:
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background: "algorithm"
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spatial: "curtain"
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interpolation: "kriging"
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sensor: "insitu"
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algorithmic_baseline_settings:
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# 背景校正算法参数
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smooth_half_window: 50
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num_std: 2
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```
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---
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## 7. 部署指南
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### 7.1 开发环境部署
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```bash
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# 1. 克隆仓库
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cd gasflux-develop-no-dockerV6
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# 2. 创建虚拟环境
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python -m venv venv
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venv\Scripts\activate # Windows
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source venv/bin/activate # Linux/macOS
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# 3. 安装依赖
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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# 4. 启动开发服务器
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python run_api.py
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```
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### 7.2 生产环境部署 (Waitress)
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```bash
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# 1. 安装 Waitress
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pip install waitress
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# 2. 启动生产服务器
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python server_waitress.py
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```
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### 7.3 打包为可执行文件
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**Windows**:
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```cmd
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build_exe.bat
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```
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**Linux/macOS**:
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```bash
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chmod +x build_exe.sh
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./build_exe.sh
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```
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运行打包后的文件:
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```bash
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dist\GasFluxAPI.exe # Windows
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./dist/GasFluxAPI # Linux/macOS
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```
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### 7.4 systemd 服务配置 (Linux)
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```ini
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# /etc/systemd/system/gasflux.service
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[Unit]
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Description=GasFlux Web API
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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User=gasflux
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WorkingDirectory=/opt/gasflux
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ExecStart=/opt/gasflux/venv/bin/python server_waitress.py
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=5
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Environment=GASFLUX_PORT=5000
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Environment=GASFLUX_LOG_LEVEL=INFO
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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启用和启动服务:
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable gasflux
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sudo systemctl start gasflux
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sudo systemctl status gasflux
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```
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---
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## 8. 数据库和持久化
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### 8.1 SQLite 数据库结构
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**数据库文件**: `web_api_data/outputs/gasflux.db`
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**表结构**:
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```sql
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-- 任务状态表
|
||
CREATE TABLE tasks (
|
||
task_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
|
||
status TEXT NOT NULL, -- pending, processing, completed, failed
|
||
message TEXT,
|
||
error TEXT,
|
||
results TEXT, -- JSON 格式
|
||
output_dir TEXT,
|
||
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
|
||
updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
-- API 密钥表
|
||
CREATE TABLE api_keys (
|
||
key_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
|
||
key_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
|
||
name TEXT,
|
||
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
|
||
last_used_at TIMESTAMP,
|
||
revoked INTEGER DEFAULT 0
|
||
);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 9. 维护和故障排除
|
||
|
||
### 9.1 日志查看
|
||
|
||
**日志文件位置**: `logs/gasflux_api.log`
|
||
|
||
**实时查看**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
tail -f logs/gasflux_api.log # Linux
|
||
Get-Content -Path logs/gasflux_api.log -Wait # PowerShell
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**过滤特定任务**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
tail -f logs/gasflux_api.log | grep "task:abc123"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 9.2 常见问题
|
||
|
||
#### 问题 1: 端口被占用
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Windows
|
||
netstat -ano | findstr :5000
|
||
taskkill /PID <PID> /F
|
||
|
||
# Linux
|
||
netstat -tulpn | grep :5000
|
||
kill -9 <PID>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 问题 2: 权限问题
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 确保目录可写
|
||
chmod -R 755 web_api_data/
|
||
chmod -R 755 logs/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 问题 3: 数据库锁定
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 如果 SQLite 数据库被锁定,检查是否有僵尸进程
|
||
lsof gasflux.db
|
||
# 重启服务解决
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 9.3 性能优化
|
||
|
||
**调整 Waitress 参数** (server_waitress.py):
|
||
```python
|
||
serve(
|
||
app,
|
||
host=host,
|
||
port=port,
|
||
threads=16, # 根据 CPU 核心数增加
|
||
connection_limit=200, # 增加连接限制
|
||
channel_timeout=600, # 延长超时时间
|
||
)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**数据库优化**:
|
||
```sql
|
||
-- 定期清理旧任务
|
||
DELETE FROM tasks
|
||
WHERE status = 'completed'
|
||
AND updated_at < datetime('now', '-7 days');
|
||
|
||
-- 重建索引
|
||
VACUUM;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 9.4 备份策略
|
||
|
||
**需要备份的目录**:
|
||
```
|
||
web_api_data/uploads/ # 上传的原始数据
|
||
web_api_data/outputs/ # 处理结果
|
||
gasflux.ini # 配置文件
|
||
logs/ # 日志文件 (可选)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**自动备份脚本**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
#!/bin/bash
|
||
# backup.sh
|
||
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
|
||
tar -czf "backup_$DATE.tar.gz" web_api_data/ gasflux.ini
|
||
# 上传到远程存储
|
||
rsync -avz "backup_$DATE.tar.gz" user@backup-server:/backups/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 10. API 使用示例
|
||
|
||
### 10.1 Python 客户端示例
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
import requests
|
||
import time
|
||
|
||
class GasFluxClient:
|
||
def __init__(self, base_url="http://localhost:5000"):
|
||
self.base_url = base_url.rstrip('/')
|
||
|
||
def upload_and_process(self, data_file, config_file=None, api_key=None):
|
||
"""上传文件并处理"""
|
||
files = {'file': open(data_file, 'rb')}
|
||
if config_file:
|
||
files['config'] = open(config_file, 'rb')
|
||
|
||
headers = {}
|
||
if api_key:
|
||
headers['X-API-Key'] = api_key
|
||
|
||
# 上传文件
|
||
response = requests.post(
|
||
f"{self.base_url}/upload",
|
||
files=files,
|
||
headers=headers
|
||
)
|
||
result = response.json()
|
||
task_id = result['data']['task_id']
|
||
|
||
# 轮询状态
|
||
while True:
|
||
status_resp = requests.get(f"{self.base_url}/task/{task_id}")
|
||
status = status_resp.json()['data']
|
||
|
||
print(f"Status: {status['status']} - {status.get('message', '')}")
|
||
|
||
if status['status'] == 'completed':
|
||
# 下载结果
|
||
for file_info in status['results']:
|
||
if 'download_url' in file_info:
|
||
download_url = f"{self.base_url}{file_info['download_url']}"
|
||
file_resp = requests.get(download_url)
|
||
with open(file_info['name'], 'wb') as f:
|
||
f.write(file_resp.content)
|
||
print(f"Downloaded: {file_info['name']}")
|
||
return status
|
||
|
||
elif status['status'] == 'failed':
|
||
raise Exception(f"Task failed: {status.get('error', 'Unknown error')}")
|
||
|
||
time.sleep(3)
|
||
|
||
# 使用示例
|
||
client = GasFluxClient()
|
||
client.upload_and_process('data.xlsx', 'config.yaml', api_key='your-api-key')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 10.2 cURL 命令示例
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 1. 检查健康状态
|
||
curl http://localhost:5000/health
|
||
|
||
# 2. 上传文件
|
||
curl -X POST -F "file=@data.xlsx" -F "config=@config.yaml" \
|
||
-H "X-API-Key: your-api-key" \
|
||
http://localhost:5000/upload
|
||
|
||
# 3. 查询任务状态
|
||
curl http://localhost:5000/task/<task_id>
|
||
|
||
# 4. 下载结果文件
|
||
curl -O http://localhost:5000/download/<task_id>/report.html
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 11. 安全和认证
|
||
|
||
### 11.1 API 密钥管理
|
||
|
||
**创建 API 密钥**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
python create_api_key.py --name "Production Client"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**使用 API 密钥**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -H "X-API-Key: your-api-key" http://localhost:5000/upload
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 11.2 Bootstrap Key
|
||
|
||
用于初始设置或管理员操作,在 `gasflux.ini` 中配置:
|
||
```ini
|
||
[security]
|
||
admin_bootstrap_key = your_secure_bootstrap_key
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
使用 Bootstrap Key:
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -H "X-Admin-Bootstrap-Key: your_secure_bootstrap_key" \
|
||
http://localhost:5000/api_keys
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 12. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
### 12.1 添加新的蓝图
|
||
|
||
1. 创建蓝图文件 `src/gasflux/blueprints/new_feature.py`:
|
||
```python
|
||
from flask import Blueprint
|
||
from ..shared import _format_response
|
||
|
||
new_feature_bp = Blueprint('new_feature', __name__, url_prefix='/new-feature')
|
||
|
||
@new_feature_bp.route('', methods=['GET'])
|
||
def get_feature():
|
||
return _format_response(200, "Feature data", {"data": "value"})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 在 `app.py` 中注册蓝图:
|
||
```python
|
||
from .blueprints.new_feature import new_feature_bp
|
||
app.register_blueprint(new_feature_bp)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 12.2 代码规范
|
||
|
||
- 使用类型注解
|
||
- 添加文档字符串
|
||
- 使用 logger 而非 print
|
||
- 错误处理使用 try-except 块
|
||
- 性能敏感操作使用 `@log_performance` 装饰器
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 13. 联系和支持
|
||
|
||
### 13.1 相关文档
|
||
- `API_DOCUMENTATION.md` - 完整 API 接口文档
|
||
- `WAITRESS_DEPLOYMENT.md` - 生产部署指南
|
||
- `README.md` - 项目概述和使用说明
|
||
- `ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLES.md` - 环境变量配置
|
||
|
||
### 13.2 调试技巧
|
||
|
||
**启用 DEBUG 日志**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
set GASFLUX_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG # Windows
|
||
export GASFLUX_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG # Linux/macOS
|
||
python server_waitress.py
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**数据库查询**:
|
||
```bash
|
||
sqlite3 web_api_data/outputs/gasflux.db
|
||
> SELECT * FROM tasks WHERE status = 'failed';
|
||
> SELECT COUNT(*), status FROM tasks GROUP BY status;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 14. 附录
|
||
|
||
### 14.1 版本历史
|
||
|
||
| 版本 | 日期 | 说明 |
|
||
|------|------|------|
|
||
| 0.2.1 | 2026-01 | 初始版本 |
|
||
|
||
### 14.2 依赖版本
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Flask>=2.0
|
||
waitress>=2.0
|
||
pandas>=2.0
|
||
numpy>=1.24
|
||
scipy>=1.10
|
||
scikit-gstat>=1.0
|
||
matplotlib>=3.7
|
||
pyyaml>=6.0
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 14.3 系统要求
|
||
|
||
- **Python**: 3.8+
|
||
- **内存**: 4GB+ (推荐 8GB+)
|
||
- **磁盘**: 1GB+ 可用空间
|
||
- **操作系统**: Windows 10/11, Linux, macOS
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**文档结束**
|
||
|
||
*本文档由 AI 助手根据项目代码自动生成,如有疑问请参考源代码或联系开发团队。*
|