GUI

README_water_GUI.md

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+# water_GUI.py 使用说明（SAM3 水体分割 GUI）
+
+本说明文档对应脚本：[water_GUI.py](file:///e:/code/sam3-main/sam3-main/water_GUI.py)。  
+该脚本是 **纯 GUI 启动器**：界面负责参数编辑、提示说明、日志与进度展示；真正的分割计算由 [water_V5.py](file:///e:/code/sam3-main/sam3-main/water_V5.py) 提供的 `run_segmentation()` 执行，并在点击“运行”时才会被懒加载导入。
+
+## 1. 功能概览
+
+- 选择输入 GeoTIFF（待分割遥感影像）与输出掩膜 GeoTIFF 路径
+- 编辑分割参数（Overview/Coarse/Fine/Region/Post）
+- 鼠标悬停在参数输入框上显示详细提示（tooltip）
+- 后台线程执行分割，GUI 不会卡死
+- 右侧日志窗口实时输出运行信息
+- 进度条显示子区域处理进度
+- 支持“停止”（会在子区域边界处响应）
+
+## 2. 运行方式
+
+在项目目录下运行：
+
+```bash
+python e:\code\sam3-main\sam3-main\water_GUI.py
+```
+
+运行后：
+- 点击“浏览”选择输入影像（`.tif/.tiff`）
+- 点击“浏览”选择输出掩膜路径（建议 `.tif`）
+- 调整参数（可保持默认）
+- 点击“运行”
+
+## 3. 依赖与环境
+
+GUI 本身依赖：
+- Python 标准库 `tkinter`
+
+执行分割时会懒加载并依赖（来自 water_V5.py）：
+- torch（建议 CUDA 可用）
+- rasterio
+- numpy
+- scipy
+- pillow
+- tqdm
+- 以及 sam3 模型代码与权重（由项目现有加载逻辑处理）
+
+## 4. 参数说明（界面分组）
+
+### 4.1 Overview 兜底
+
+用于减少“中心水域漏检”。Overview 会对每个子区域做一次低分辨率全局预测，并在最终输出中与 coarse/fine 结果取并集。
+
+- `overview_max_side`：兜底预测的最大边长。越大越准越慢。
+- `overview_threshold`：兜底阈值。偏低可减少漏检，但误检会增加。
+
+### 4.2 Coarse 粗分割
+
+粗分割用于提高召回、生成精修的边缘带（band），并与 overview 一起决定精修区域范围。
+
+- `coarse_threshold`：粗分割阈值。偏低提高召回，偏高减少误检。
+- `coarse_tile_size`：粗分割分块大小（原图像素）。
+- `coarse_tile_overlap`：粗分割块重叠像素。
+- `coarse_downsample_factor`：粗分割输出降采样比例。2 更细更慢；4 折中；8 更快更粗。
+- `band_radius`：边缘带半径（原图像素）。越大精修范围越大，速度越慢。
+
+### 4.3 Fine 精修
+
+只对边缘带覆盖到的区域进行精细分割，补足边界细节。
+
+- `final_threshold`：最终阈值。偏低更易连通，偏高更干净。
+- `fine_tile_size`：精修分块大小（原图像素）。一般 1536 更稳，2048 更快但更吃显存/更慢。
+- `fine_overlap`：精修块重叠像素。越大接缝越少但更慢。
+
+### 4.4 Region 子区域
+
+将整图划分成多个有重叠的子区域，降低内存峰值。
+
+- `num_splits_y`：纵向切分数。
+- `num_splits_x`：横向切分数。
+- `region_overlap`：子区域重叠像素，减少子区域边界断裂。
+
+### 4.5 Post 后处理
+
+- `min_area`：移除小碎片的最小连通域面积（像素）。
+- `keep_largest_only`：只保留最大连通域（适合只要最大水体）。
+
+## 5. 输出说明
+
+输出文件为单通道 `uint8` 掩膜 GeoTIFF：
+- 0：非水体
+- 1：水体
+
+输出文件的空间参考（CRS/transform）来自输入影像的 profile。
+
+## 6. 使用建议（16GB 显存）
+
+优先按以下顺序调参：
+- 先把 `fine_tile_size` 从 2048 降到 1536（更稳）
+- `fine_overlap` 从 256 降到 128（更快，可能稍有拼接缝）
+- `coarse_downsample_factor` 从 4 改 2（更细更慢，但中心/边缘召回更稳）
+- `overview_threshold` 从 0.4 降到 0.35（召回更强，误检更可能增加）
+
+## 7. 常见问题
+
+### 7.1 点击“运行”后报 `ModuleNotFoundError: water_V5`
+
+确保 `water_GUI.py` 与 `water_V5.py` 在同一目录：
+- `e:\code\sam3-main\sam3-main\water_GUI.py`
+- `e:\code\sam3-main\sam3-main\water_V5.py`
+
+并从该目录执行运行命令，或将该目录加入 Python 路径。
+
+### 7.2 界面正常但运行很慢
+
+这通常是正常的：粗分割/精修会对大量瓦片做模型推理。优先调小 `fine_tile_size`、`fine_overlap`，并提高 `coarse_downsample_factor`。
+
+### 7.3 “停止”不立即生效
+
+停止信号会在子区域边界处检查，因此可能需要等待当前子区域处理完成后才退出。
+

tif_caijain.py

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+"""
+使用二值掩膜 TIF 文件（值为1的区域需要去除）对数据 TIF 文件进行掩膜。
+输入:
+    data_tif:  要掩膜的数据文件路径
+    mask_tif:  二值掩膜文件路径（值为1表示需要去除的区域）
+输出:
+    掩膜后的数据 TIF 文件，仅将掩膜对应位置设为 NoData
+要求:
+    两个 TIF 文件具有相同的投影、分辨率、范围和尺寸（精确对齐），
+    否则程序将报错或行为未定义。
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import numpy as np
+import rasterio
+from rasterio.windows import Window
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def mask_data_by_binary_mask(
+    data_path,
+    mask_path,
+    output_path=None,
+    remove_value=1,
+    nodata_value=None,
+    tile_size=4096,
+):
+    """使用二值掩膜 TIF 对数据 TIF 进行掩膜。
+
+    将数据 TIF 中对应掩膜值等于 remove_value 的像素设为 NoData，其余保留。
+
+    性能建议：
+    - 若数据源是 tiled GeoTIFF，可将 tile_size 设为 0 以按源文件块窗口遍历（通常更快）。
+    """
+    data_path = Path(data_path)
+    mask_path = Path(mask_path)
+
+    if output_path is None:
+        output_path = data_path.parent / f"{data_path.stem}_masked{data_path.suffix}"
+    else:
+        output_path = Path(output_path)
+
+    logger.info(f"数据文件: {data_path.name}")
+    logger.info(f"掩膜文件: {mask_path.name}")
+    logger.info(f"去除掩膜值: {remove_value}")
+
+    with rasterio.Env(GDAL_NUM_THREADS="ALL_CPUS"):
+        with rasterio.open(data_path) as src_data, rasterio.open(mask_path) as src_mask:
+            if src_data.crs != src_mask.crs:
+                raise ValueError("数据与掩膜的 CRS 不一致，请先统一投影。")
+            if src_data.transform != src_mask.transform:
+                logger.warning(
+                    "数据与掩膜的地理变换不一致，可能未精确对齐，继续处理可能存在风险。"
+                )
+            if (src_data.width, src_data.height) != (src_mask.width, src_mask.height):
+                raise ValueError("数据与掩膜的尺寸不一致，无法直接按像素对应掩膜。")
+
+            # 确定输出 NoData 值（并尽量匹配数据 dtype，避免隐式类型转换带来的开销）
+            if nodata_value is None:
+                nodata_value = src_data.nodata if src_data.nodata is not None else 0
+            try:
+                nodata_value_cast = np.array(
+                    nodata_value, dtype=src_data.dtypes[0]
+                ).item()
+            except Exception:
+                nodata_value_cast = nodata_value
+
+            # 创建输出元数据：基于数据源的元数据，更新 nodata 和压缩选项
+            out_meta = src_data.meta.copy()
+            out_meta.update(
+                {
+                    "nodata": nodata_value,
+                    "compress": (
+                        src_data.compression.value if src_data.compression else "lzw"
+                    ),
+                    "tiled": src_data.is_tiled,
+                }
+            )
+            if src_data.is_tiled:
+                out_meta.update(
+                    {
+                        "blockxsize": src_data.block_shapes[0][0],
+                        "blockysize": src_data.block_shapes[0][1],
+                    }
+                )
+
+            # 创建输出文件
+            with rasterio.open(output_path, "w", **out_meta) as dst:
+                width, height = src_data.width, src_data.height
+
+                if tile_size is None or tile_size <= 0:
+                    windows = [w for _, w in src_data.block_windows(1)]
+                else:
+                    stride = int(tile_size)
+                    windows = [
+                        Window(i, j, min(stride, width - i), min(stride, height - j))
+                        for i in range(0, width, stride)
+                        for j in range(0, height, stride)
+                    ]
+
+                with tqdm(total=len(windows), desc="处理瓦片", unit="块") as pbar:
+                    for window in windows:
+                        # 读取相同位置的掩膜瓦片（假设完全对齐）
+                        mask = src_mask.read(1, window=window)
+                        remove_mask = mask == remove_value
+
+                        # 读取数据瓦片
+                        data = src_data.read(window=window)  # shape: (bands, h, w)
+
+                        if remove_mask.any():
+                            for band_idx in range(data.shape[0]):
+                                np.putmask(
+                                    data[band_idx], remove_mask, nodata_value_cast
+                                )
+
+                        dst.write(data, window=window)
+                        pbar.update(1)
+
+    logger.info(f"处理完成，输出文件：{output_path}")
+    return str(output_path)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="使用二值掩膜 TIF（值为1的区域）对数据 TIF 进行掩膜，将对应位置设为 NoData。"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("data_tif", help="要掩膜的数据 TIF 文件路径")
+    parser.add_argument("mask_tif", help="二值掩膜 TIF 文件路径（值为1表示需要去除的区域）")
+    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="输出文件路径 (可选)")
+    parser.add_argument("-r", "--remove_value", type=int, default=1,
+                        help="掩膜中要去除的值，默认为1")
+    parser.add_argument("-n", "--nodata", type=float,
+                        help="输出 NoData 值 (可选，默认使用数据 TIF 的 NoData 或 0)")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t",
+        "--tile_size",
+        type=int,
+        default=4096,
+        help="分块大小（像素），默认4096；设为0则按源文件块窗口遍历（tiled 文件通常更快）",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    mask_data_by_binary_mask(
+        args.data_tif, args.mask_tif, args.output,
+        args.remove_value, args.nodata, args.tile_size
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    exit(main())

water_GUI.py

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+"""
+water_V5 的图形界面启动器（纯 GUI 文件）。
+
+特点：
+- 参数可配置
+- 悬停显示提示
+- 后台线程运行分割，界面不假死
+"""
+
+import threading
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox, ttk
+
+
+DEFAULTS = {
+    "image_path": "",
+    "mask_output_path": "",
+    "prompt": "water body",
+    "overview_max_side": 1400,
+    "overview_threshold": 0.4,
+    "coarse_threshold": 0.5,
+    "coarse_tile_size": 4096,
+    "coarse_tile_overlap": 256,
+    "coarse_downsample_factor": 4,
+    "band_radius": 64,
+    "final_threshold": 0.5,
+    "fine_tile_size": 2048,
+    "fine_overlap": 256,
+    "num_splits_y": 2,
+    "num_splits_x": 3,
+    "region_overlap": 256,
+    "min_area": 5000,
+    "keep_largest_only": False,
+}
+
+
+def _lazy_import_backend():
+    import water_V5
+
+    return water_V5
+
+
+class Tooltip:
+    def __init__(self, widget, text):
+        self.widget = widget
+        self.text = text
+        self.tip = None
+        widget.bind("<Enter>", self._show)
+        widget.bind("<Leave>", self._hide)
+
+    def _show(self, _event=None):
+        if self.tip is not None or not self.text:
+            return
+        x = self.widget.winfo_rootx() + 10
+        y = self.widget.winfo_rooty() + self.widget.winfo_height() + 5
+        self.tip = tk.Toplevel(self.widget)
+        self.tip.wm_overrideredirect(True)
+        self.tip.wm_geometry(f"+{x}+{y}")
+        label = tk.Label(
+            self.tip,
+            text=self.text,
+            justify="left",
+            background="#ffffe0",
+            relief="solid",
+            borderwidth=1,
+            font=("Segoe UI", 9),
+        )
+        label.pack(ipadx=6, ipady=4)
+
+    def _hide(self, _event=None):
+        if self.tip is not None:
+            self.tip.destroy()
+            self.tip = None
+
+
+class WaterSegGUI(tk.Tk):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.title("SAM3 水体分割 GUI")
+        self.geometry("980x720")
+
+        self.stop_event = threading.Event()
+        self.worker = None
+
+        self.vars = {}
+        self._build_ui()
+
+    def _build_ui(self):
+        container = ttk.Frame(self)
+        container.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
+
+        top = ttk.Frame(container)
+        top.pack(fill="x")
+
+        self._add_path_row(
+            top,
+            "image_path",
+            "输入影像 (TIF)",
+            DEFAULTS["image_path"],
+            "选择要分割的遥感影像 GeoTIFF。",
+            is_save=False,
+        )
+        self._add_path_row(
+            top,
+            "mask_output_path",
+            "输出掩膜 (TIF)",
+            DEFAULTS["mask_output_path"],
+            "输出单通道 uint8 掩膜（0/1）。",
+            is_save=True,
+        )
+
+        row = ttk.Frame(top)
+        row.pack(fill="x", pady=(6, 0))
+        ttk.Label(row, text="prompt").pack(side="left")
+        prompt_var = tk.StringVar(value=DEFAULTS["prompt"])
+        self.vars["prompt"] = prompt_var
+        prompt_box = ttk.Combobox(
+            row,
+            textvariable=prompt_var,
+            values=["water body", "water", "river", "lake", "reservoir"],
+        )
+        prompt_box.pack(side="left", fill="x", expand=True, padx=(10, 0))
+        Tooltip(prompt_box, "文本提示。建议优先尝试：water / river / lake。")
+
+        panes = ttk.Panedwindow(container, orient="horizontal")
+        panes.pack(fill="both", expand=True, pady=(10, 0))
+
+        left = ttk.Frame(panes)
+        right = ttk.Frame(panes)
+        panes.add(left, weight=3)
+        panes.add(right, weight=2)
+
+        params = ttk.Frame(left)
+        params.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
+
+        self._add_group(
+            params,
+            "Overview 兜底",
+            [
+                ("overview_max_side", int, "子区域兜底预测最大边长。越大越准越慢。"),
+                ("overview_threshold", float, "兜底阈值。偏低减少中心漏检，但误检增加。"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self._add_group(
+            params,
+            "Coarse 粗分割",
+            [
+                ("coarse_threshold", float, "粗分割阈值。偏低提高召回，偏高减少误检。"),
+                ("coarse_tile_size", int, "粗分割分块大小（原图像素）。"),
+                ("coarse_tile_overlap", int, "粗分割块重叠像素。"),
+                ("coarse_downsample_factor", int, "粗分割输出降采样比例。2 更细更慢；4 折中；8 更快更粗。"),
+                ("band_radius", int, "边缘带半径（原图像素）。越大精修范围越大越慢。"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self._add_group(
+            params,
+            "Fine 精修",
+            [
+                ("final_threshold", float, "最终阈值。偏低更易连通，偏高更干净。"),
+                ("fine_tile_size", int, "精修分块大小（原图像素）。"),
+                ("fine_overlap", int, "精修重叠像素。越大接缝越少但更慢。"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self._add_group(
+            params,
+            "Region 子区域",
+            [
+                ("num_splits_y", int, "纵向切分数。"),
+                ("num_splits_x", int, "横向切分数。"),
+                ("region_overlap", int, "子区域之间重叠像素，减少边界断裂。"),
+            ],
+        )
+        self._add_group(
+            params,
+            "Post 后处理",
+            [
+                ("min_area", int, "移除小碎片的最小连通域面积（像素）。"),
+                ("keep_largest_only", bool, "只保留最大连通域（适合只要最大水体）。"),
+            ],
+        )
+
+        ctrl = ttk.Frame(right)
+        ctrl.pack(fill="x")
+
+        self.progress = ttk.Progressbar(ctrl, maximum=100)
+        self.progress.pack(fill="x")
+        self.status = tk.StringVar(value="就绪")
+        ttk.Label(ctrl, textvariable=self.status).pack(anchor="w", pady=(6, 0))
+
+        btn_row = ttk.Frame(ctrl)
+        btn_row.pack(fill="x", pady=(8, 0))
+        self.run_btn = ttk.Button(btn_row, text="运行", command=self._on_run)
+        self.run_btn.pack(side="left")
+        self.stop_btn = ttk.Button(btn_row, text="停止", command=self._on_stop, state="disabled")
+        self.stop_btn.pack(side="left", padx=(8, 0))
+
+        log_frame = ttk.Frame(right)
+        log_frame.pack(fill="both", expand=True, pady=(10, 0))
+        ttk.Label(log_frame, text="日志").pack(anchor="w")
+        self.log_text = tk.Text(log_frame, height=20, wrap="word")
+        self.log_text.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
+        scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(log_frame, command=self.log_text.yview)
+        scroll.pack(side="right", fill="y")
+        self.log_text.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll.set)
+
+    def _add_path_row(self, parent, key, label, default, tip, is_save):
+        row = ttk.Frame(parent)
+        row.pack(fill="x", pady=(0, 6))
+        ttk.Label(row, text=label).pack(side="left")
+        var = tk.StringVar(value=default)
+        self.vars[key] = var
+        entry = ttk.Entry(row, textvariable=var)
+        entry.pack(side="left", fill="x", expand=True, padx=(10, 0))
+        Tooltip(entry, tip)
+        btn = ttk.Button(
+            row,
+            text="浏览",
+            command=lambda: self._browse_path(var, is_save=is_save),
+        )
+        btn.pack(side="left", padx=(8, 0))
+
+    def _add_group(self, parent, title, items):
+        frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text=title)
+        frame.pack(fill="x", pady=(0, 10))
+        for r, (key, typ, tip) in enumerate(items):
+            ttk.Label(frame, text=key).grid(row=r, column=0, sticky="w", padx=(6, 8), pady=4)
+            if typ is bool:
+                var = tk.BooleanVar(value=bool(DEFAULTS.get(key)))
+                self.vars[key] = var
+                w = ttk.Checkbutton(frame, variable=var)
+                w.grid(row=r, column=1, sticky="w", pady=4)
+                Tooltip(w, tip)
+            else:
+                var = tk.StringVar(value=str(DEFAULTS.get(key, "")))
+                self.vars[key] = var
+                entry = ttk.Entry(frame, textvariable=var, width=14)
+                entry.grid(row=r, column=1, sticky="w", pady=4)
+                Tooltip(entry, tip)
+        frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
+
+    def _browse_path(self, var, is_save):
+        if is_save:
+            p = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
+                title="选择输出文件",
+                defaultextension=".tif",
+                filetypes=[("GeoTIFF", "*.tif *.tiff"), ("All files", "*.*")],
+            )
+        else:
+            p = filedialog.askopenfilename(
+                title="选择输入文件",
+                filetypes=[("GeoTIFF", "*.tif *.tiff"), ("All files", "*.*")],
+            )
+        if p:
+            var.set(p)
+
+    def _append_log(self, msg):
+        self.log_text.insert("end", msg + "\n")
+        self.log_text.see("end")
+
+    def _log(self, msg):
+        self.after(0, lambda: self._append_log(str(msg)))
+
+    def _progress(self, stage, cur, total):
+        def _update():
+            if total > 0:
+                self.progress["value"] = (cur / total) * 100.0
+            self.status.set(f"{stage}: {cur}/{total}")
+        self.after(0, _update)
+
+    def _get_config(self):
+        cfg = {}
+        for k, v in self.vars.items():
+            if isinstance(v, tk.BooleanVar):
+                cfg[k] = bool(v.get())
+            else:
+                cfg[k] = v.get()
+
+        int_keys = [
+            "overview_max_side",
+            "band_radius",
+            "fine_tile_size",
+            "fine_overlap",
+            "coarse_tile_size",
+            "coarse_tile_overlap",
+            "coarse_downsample_factor",
+            "num_splits_y",
+            "num_splits_x",
+            "region_overlap",
+            "min_area",
+        ]
+        float_keys = ["overview_threshold", "coarse_threshold", "final_threshold"]
+        for k in int_keys:
+            if k in cfg and cfg[k] != "":
+                cfg[k] = int(float(cfg[k]))
+        for k in float_keys:
+            if k in cfg and cfg[k] != "":
+                cfg[k] = float(cfg[k])
+
+        cfg["use_tqdm"] = False
+        cfg["device"] = None
+        return cfg
+
+    def _on_run(self):
+        if self.worker is not None and self.worker.is_alive():
+            return
+        cfg = self._get_config()
+        if not cfg.get("image_path") or not cfg.get("mask_output_path"):
+            messagebox.showerror("错误", "请先选择输入影像与输出路径。")
+            return
+
+        self.stop_event.clear()
+        self.run_btn.configure(state="disabled")
+        self.stop_btn.configure(state="normal")
+        self.progress["value"] = 0
+        self.status.set("启动中...")
+        self._append_log("开始运行...")
+
+        def _work():
+            try:
+                water_v5 = _lazy_import_backend()
+                water_v5.run_segmentation(
+                    config=cfg,
+                    progress_callback=self._progress,
+                    log_callback=self._log,
+                    stop_event=self.stop_event,
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                self._log(f"错误: {e}")
+            finally:
+                def _done():
+                    self.run_btn.configure(state="normal")
+                    self.stop_btn.configure(state="disabled")
+                    self.status.set("完成")
+                self.after(0, _done)
+
+        self.worker = threading.Thread(target=_work, daemon=True)
+        self.worker.start()
+
+    def _on_stop(self):
+        self.stop_event.set()
+        self.status.set("停止中...")
+
+
+def main():
+    WaterSegGUI().mainloop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+

water_V5.py

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 """
-使用SAM3模型分割超大遥感影像中的水体（分区域处理，优化内存）
+使用SAM3模型分割超大遥感影像中的水体（三层分割策略）
 
 流程：
-1. 将影像划分为若干有重叠的子区域。
-2. 对每个子区域独立执行粗分割、边缘带构建、精修分割。
-3. 合并所有子区域的掩码（重叠区域取最大值）。
-4. 后处理：填充内部NoData空洞、移除小面积碎片、可选保留最大连通域。
-5. 保存结果。
+1. 将影像划分为若干有重叠的子区域（第一层）。
+2. 对每个子区域进行中分辨率粗分割：以4096为块大小，滑动窗口推理，得到粗掩码（第二层）。
+3. 基于粗掩码构建边缘带，对边缘带进行精细分块推理，得到精修掩码（第三层）。
+4. 合并所有子区域的掩码（重叠区域取最大值）。
+5. 后处理：填充内部NoData空洞、移除小面积碎片、可选保留最大连通域。
+6. 保存结果。
 
-优点：避免在全尺寸概率图上进行GPU操作，显著降低显存占用。
+优点：
+- 粗分割采用分块推理，避免降采样丢失细节，提高召回率。
+- 精修只处理边缘带，节省计算资源。
 """
 
 import torch
@@ -22,6 +25,7 @@ from rasterio.windows import Window
 from rasterio.io import MemoryFile
 from tqdm import tqdm
 from scipy import ndimage
+import math
 
 from sam3.model_builder import build_sam3_image_model
 from sam3.model.sam3_image_processor import Sam3Processor
@@ -77,6 +81,13 @@ def compute_stretch_params(bands, sample_max_pixels=2_000_000):
     return vmin, vmax
 
 
+def make_overview_bands(bands, max_side):
+    _, h, w = bands.shape
+    step = int(math.ceil(max(h, w) / float(max_side)))
+    step = max(step, 1)
+    return bands[:, ::step, ::step], step
+
+
 def _to_uint8(arr, vmin=None, vmax=None):
     if arr.dtype == np.uint8:
         return arr
@@ -112,7 +123,7 @@ def _bands_to_pil(bands, stretch_params=None):
     return Image.fromarray(rgb, mode="RGB")
 
 def _read_pil_window(src, window, stretch_params=None):
-    bands = src.read(window=window, boundless=True, fill_value=0)
+    bands = src.read(window=window)
     return _bands_to_pil(bands, stretch_params=stretch_params)
 
 def infer_prompt_prob(processor, image, prompt):
@@ -126,57 +137,169 @@ def infer_prompt_prob(processor, image, prompt):
     prob = combine_masks_logits(state["masks_logits"])
     return prob
 
-def make_overview_bands(sub_bands, max_side):
-    _, h, w = sub_bands.shape
-    step = int(np.ceil(max(h, w) / float(max_side)))
-    step = max(step, 1)
-    return sub_bands[:, ::step, ::step], step
+# ---------- 新增：中分辨率粗分割（分块推理） ----------
+def _downsample_any(mask, factor):
+    if factor <= 1:
+        return mask
+    h, w = mask.shape
+    pad_h = (-h) % factor
+    pad_w = (-w) % factor
+    if pad_h or pad_w:
+        mask = np.pad(mask, ((0, pad_h), (0, pad_w)), mode="constant", constant_values=False)
+        h, w = mask.shape
+    h2 = h // factor
+    w2 = w // factor
+    return mask.reshape(h2, factor, w2, factor).any(axis=(1, 3))
 
-# ---------- 精修分块 ----------
-def refine_tiles(processor, src, prompt, band_coarse_cpu, tile_size, overlap, stretch_params=None):
+
+def _build_band_ndimage(mask, radius):
+    if radius <= 0:
+        return np.zeros_like(mask, dtype=bool)
+    struct = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2, 2)
+    dil = ndimage.binary_dilation(mask, structure=struct, iterations=radius)
+    ero = ndimage.binary_erosion(mask, structure=struct, iterations=radius)
+    return np.logical_xor(dil, ero)
+
+
+def coarse_tile_segmentation(
+    processor,
+    src,
+    prompt,
+    tile_size,
+    overlap,
+    downsample_factor=4,
+    stretch_params=None,
+    nodata_mask=None,
+    use_tqdm=True,
+):
     """
-    对边缘带进行精修分割
-    band_coarse_cpu: 2D numpy bool，指示需要精修的区域（低分辨率）
+    对子区域进行分块粗分割，返回低分辨率概率图（float16）
+
+    Args:
+        processor: 粗处理器（输入分辨率 coarse_resolution）
+        src: rasterio 数据集（子区域）
+        prompt: 文本提示
+        tile_size: 粗分割块大小（原图像素）
+        overlap: 块重叠像素
+        stretch_params: 拉伸参数
+        nodata_mask: 子区域的 NoData 掩码（bool, 与子区域同尺寸），用于过滤无效区域
+
+    Returns:
+        coarse_probs_lr: 子区域粗概率图 (H_lr,W_lr) float16
     """
     height, width = src.height, src.width
-    full_probs = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=np.float16)
-
-    band_h, band_w = band_coarse_cpu.shape
-    scale_y = band_h / float(height)
-    scale_x = band_w / float(width)
+    height_lr = int(math.ceil(height / float(downsample_factor)))
+    width_lr = int(math.ceil(width / float(downsample_factor)))
+    full_probs_lr = np.zeros((height_lr, width_lr), dtype=np.float16)
 
     stride = max(tile_size - overlap, 1)
     num_tiles_y = (height + stride - 1) // stride
     num_tiles_x = (width + stride - 1) // stride
     total_tiles = num_tiles_y * num_tiles_x
 
-    # 内部进度条，leave=True 以便保留历史记录
-    with tqdm(total=total_tiles, desc="精修分块", unit="块", leave=True) as pbar:
-        for top, left, bottom, right in tile_slices(height, width, tile_size, overlap):
-            c_top = int(top * scale_y)
-            c_left = int(left * scale_x)
-            c_bottom = max(int(np.ceil(bottom * scale_y)), c_top + 1)
-            c_right = max(int(np.ceil(right * scale_x)), c_left + 1)
+    if use_tqdm:
+        iterator = tqdm(
+            tile_slices(height, width, tile_size, overlap),
+            total=total_tiles,
+            desc="粗分割分块",
+            unit="块",
+            leave=True,
+        )
+    else:
+        iterator = tile_slices(height, width, tile_size, overlap)
 
-            if not band_coarse_cpu[c_top:c_bottom, c_left:c_right].any():
-                pbar.update(1)
+    for top, left, bottom, right in iterator:
+            # 如果该块完全在 NoData 区域内，则跳过（加速）
+            if nodata_mask is not None:
+                block_nodata = nodata_mask[top:bottom, left:right]
+                if block_nodata.all():
+                    continue
+
+            window = Window(left, top, right - left, bottom - top)
+            crop = _read_pil_window(src, window, stretch_params=stretch_params)
+            tile_prob = infer_prompt_prob(processor, crop, prompt)
+            if tile_prob is None:
+                continue
+
+            h_lr = int(math.ceil((bottom - top) / float(downsample_factor)))
+            w_lr = int(math.ceil((right - left) / float(downsample_factor)))
+            if tile_prob.shape[-2:] != (h_lr, w_lr):
+                tile_prob = upsample_prob(tile_prob, (h_lr, w_lr))
+
+            tile_prob_cpu = tile_prob.to(torch.float16).detach().cpu().numpy()
+            top_lr = top // downsample_factor
+            left_lr = left // downsample_factor
+            bottom_lr = top_lr + h_lr
+            right_lr = left_lr + w_lr
+            full_probs_lr[top_lr:bottom_lr, left_lr:right_lr] = np.maximum(
+                full_probs_lr[top_lr:bottom_lr, left_lr:right_lr], tile_prob_cpu
+            )
+
+    if nodata_mask is not None:
+        nodata_lr = _downsample_any(nodata_mask, downsample_factor)
+        full_probs_lr[nodata_lr] = 0.0
+
+    return full_probs_lr
+
+# ---------- 精修分块（保持不变，但可复用之前的函数） ----------
+def refine_tiles(
+    processor,
+    src,
+    prompt,
+    band_lr,
+    downsample_factor,
+    tile_size,
+    overlap,
+    stretch_params=None,
+    use_tqdm=True,
+):
+    """
+    对边缘带进行精修分割
+    band_lr: 2D numpy bool，指示需要精修的区域（低分辨率）
+    """
+    height, width = src.height, src.width
+    full_probs = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=np.float16)
+
+    stride = max(tile_size - overlap, 1)
+    num_tiles_y = (height + stride - 1) // stride
+    num_tiles_x = (width + stride - 1) // stride
+    total_tiles = num_tiles_y * num_tiles_x
+
+    if use_tqdm:
+        iterator = tqdm(
+            tile_slices(height, width, tile_size, overlap),
+            total=total_tiles,
+            desc="精修分块",
+            unit="块",
+            leave=True,
+        )
+    else:
+        iterator = tile_slices(height, width, tile_size, overlap)
+
+    for top, left, bottom, right in iterator:
+            c_top = top // downsample_factor
+            c_left = left // downsample_factor
+            c_bottom = int(math.ceil(bottom / float(downsample_factor)))
+            c_right = int(math.ceil(right / float(downsample_factor)))
+            c_bottom = max(c_bottom, c_top + 1)
+            c_right = max(c_right, c_left + 1)
+
+            if not band_lr[c_top:c_bottom, c_left:c_right].any():
                 continue
 
             window = Window(left, top, right - left, bottom - top)
             crop = _read_pil_window(src, window, stretch_params=stretch_params)
             tile_prob = infer_prompt_prob(processor, crop, prompt)
             if tile_prob is None:
-                pbar.update(1)
                 continue
 
             if tile_prob.shape[-2:] != (bottom - top, right - left):
                 tile_prob = upsample_prob(tile_prob, (bottom - top, right - left))
 
-            tile_prob_cpu = tile_prob.detach().float().cpu().numpy().astype(np.float16)
+            tile_prob_cpu = tile_prob.to(torch.float16).detach().cpu().numpy()
             full_probs[top:bottom, left:right] = np.maximum(
                 full_probs[top:bottom, left:right], tile_prob_cpu
             )
-            pbar.update(1)
 
     return full_probs
 
@@ -230,80 +353,121 @@ def split_into_regions(width, height, num_splits_y=2, num_splits_x=3, overlap=25
             regions.append((left, top, right, bottom))
     return regions
 
-# ---------- 主程序 ----------
-matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
+DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
+    "image_path": r"E:\is2\guidingsahn\result.tif",
+    "mask_output_path": r"E:\is2\guidingsahn\result_mask.tif",
+    "prompt": "water body",
+    "overview_max_side": 1400,
+    "overview_threshold": 0.4,
+    "coarse_resolution": 1008,
+    "fine_resolution": 1008,
+    "coarse_threshold": 0.5,
+    "final_threshold": 0.5,
+    "band_radius": 64,
+    "fine_tile_size": 2048,
+    "fine_overlap": 256,
+    "coarse_tile_size": 4096,
+    "coarse_tile_overlap": 256,
+    "coarse_downsample_factor": 4,
+    "num_splits_y": 2,
+    "num_splits_x": 3,
+    "region_overlap": 256,
+    "min_area": 5000,
+    "keep_largest_only": False,
+    "use_tqdm": True,
+    "device": None,
+}
 
-# 参数设置
-image_path = r"E:\is2\dingshanhu\result_caijian.tif"
-mask_output_path = r"E:\is2\dingshanhu\result_maskV2.tif"
-prompt = "water body"
-coarse_read_max_side = 1200
-coarse_resolution = 1008
-fine_resolution = 1008
-coarse_threshold = 0.5
-final_threshold = 0.5
-band_radius = 64
-tile_size = 1536
-overlap = 128
 
-# ========== 分区域参数 ==========
-num_splits_y = 2      # 纵向切分数
-num_splits_x = 3      # 横向切分数（共 2x3=6 份）
-region_overlap = 256   # 子区域之间的重叠像素数
-# ===============================
+def run_segmentation(config=None, progress_callback=None, log_callback=None, stop_event=None):
+    cfg = dict(DEFAULT_CONFIG)
+    if config:
+        cfg.update(config)
 
-# ========== 后处理参数 ==========
-min_area = 1000          # 最小面积阈值（像素），小于此值的连通域将被移除；设为0或None表示不进行面积过滤
-keep_largest_only = False # 是否只保留最大的连通域（True/False）
-# ===============================
+    log = log_callback if log_callback is not None else print
 
-device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
-print(f"使用设备: {device}")
+    device = cfg["device"]
+    if device is None:
+        device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
+    log(f"使用设备: {device}")
 
-# 加载模型（所有子区域共享同一个模型）
-model = build_sam3_image_model().to(device).eval()
-coarse_processor = Sam3Processor(model, resolution=coarse_resolution, device=device)
-fine_processor = Sam3Processor(model, resolution=fine_resolution, device=device)
+    model = build_sam3_image_model().to(device).eval()
+    coarse_processor = Sam3Processor(
+        model, resolution=cfg["coarse_resolution"], device=device
+    )
+    fine_processor = Sam3Processor(model, resolution=cfg["fine_resolution"], device=device)
 
-# 打开原始影像
-with rasterio.open(image_path) as src:
+    image_path = cfg["image_path"]
+    mask_output_path = cfg["mask_output_path"]
+
+    with rasterio.open(image_path) as src:
         nodata = src.nodata
-    print(f"原始影像NoData值: {nodata}")
+        log(f"原始影像NoData值: {nodata}")
         height, width = src.height, src.width
 
-    # 划分区域
-    regions = split_into_regions(width, height, num_splits_y, num_splits_x, region_overlap)
-    print(f"共划分 {len(regions)} 个子区域")
+        band1 = src.read(1)
+        if np.issubdtype(band1.dtype, np.floating):
+            nodata_mask_full = (
+                np.isclose(band1, float(nodata))
+                if nodata is not None
+                else np.zeros_like(band1, dtype=bool)
+            )
+        else:
+            nodata_mask_full = (
+                (band1 == nodata) if nodata is not None else np.zeros_like(band1, dtype=bool)
+            )
+
+        regions = split_into_regions(
+            width, height, cfg["num_splits_y"], cfg["num_splits_x"], cfg["region_overlap"]
+        )
+        log(f"共划分 {len(regions)} 个子区域")
 
-    # 创建全尺寸掩码数组（CPU内存）
         full_mask = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=np.uint8)
 
-    # 子区域总进度条
-    with tqdm(total=len(regions), desc="处理子区域", unit="子区域") as region_pbar:
-        for idx, (left, top, right, bottom) in enumerate(regions):
-            print(f"\n子区域 {idx+1}/{len(regions)}: 坐标范围 ({left},{top}) -> ({right},{bottom})")
+        use_tqdm = bool(cfg.get("use_tqdm", True))
+        if use_tqdm:
+            region_iter = tqdm(
+                list(enumerate(regions)),
+                total=len(regions),
+                desc="处理子区域",
+                unit="子区域",
+            )
+        else:
+            region_iter = enumerate(regions)
+
+        for idx, (left, top, right, bottom) in region_iter:
+            if stop_event is not None and stop_event.is_set():
+                log("已停止")
+                return
+            if progress_callback is not None:
+                progress_callback("region", idx + 1, len(regions))
+
+            log(
+                f"\n子区域 {idx+1}/{len(regions)}: 坐标范围 ({left},{top}) -> ({right},{bottom})"
+            )
             region_w = right - left
             region_h = bottom - top
 
-            # 读取子区域数据
             window = Window(left, top, region_w, region_h)
-            sub_bands = src.read(window=window)  # shape: (bands, h, w)
+            sub_bands = src.read(window=window)
 
-            # 构建子区域元数据
             sub_profile = src.profile.copy()
             if not src.is_tiled:
-                sub_profile.pop('blockxsize', None)
-                sub_profile.pop('blockysize', None)
-                sub_profile['tiled'] = False
+                sub_profile.pop("blockxsize", None)
+                sub_profile.pop("blockysize", None)
+                sub_profile["tiled"] = False
             else:
-                sub_profile['tiled'] = True
-            sub_profile.update({
-                'height': region_h,
-                'width': region_w,
-                'transform': rasterio.windows.transform(window, src.transform)
-            })
+                sub_profile["tiled"] = True
+            sub_profile.update(
+                {
+                    "height": region_h,
+                    "width": region_w,
+                    "transform": rasterio.windows.transform(window, src.transform),
+                }
+            )
+
+            sub_nodata = nodata_mask_full[top:bottom, left:right]
 
-            # 将子区域数据包装成内存中的 rasterio 数据集
             with MemoryFile() as memfile:
                 with memfile.open(**sub_profile) as sub_dst:
                     sub_dst.write(sub_bands)
@@ -311,56 +475,98 @@ with rasterio.open(image_path) as src:
                     stretch_params = compute_stretch_params(sub_bands)
 
                     overview_bands, overview_step = make_overview_bands(
-                        sub_bands, max_side=coarse_read_max_side
+                        sub_bands, max_side=cfg["overview_max_side"]
+                    )
+                    overview_img = _bands_to_pil(
+                        overview_bands, stretch_params=stretch_params
+                    )
+                    overview_prob = infer_prompt_prob(
+                        coarse_processor, overview_img, cfg["prompt"]
                     )
-                    overview_img = _bands_to_pil(overview_bands, stretch_params=stretch_params)
-                    overview_prob = infer_prompt_prob(coarse_processor, overview_img, prompt)
                     if overview_prob is None:
-                        overview_prob_cpu = np.zeros((overview_img.height, overview_img.width), dtype=np.float16)
-                    else:
-                        overview_prob_cpu = overview_prob.detach().float().cpu().numpy().astype(np.float16)
-                    overview_mask_cpu = overview_prob_cpu > coarse_threshold
-
-                    scale = overview_img.height / float(region_h)
-                    band_radius_small = max(int(round(band_radius * scale)), 1)
-                    band_small = build_band(torch.from_numpy(overview_mask_cpu), band_radius_small).numpy()
-
-                    fine_probs_cpu = refine_tiles(
-                        fine_processor,
-                        sub_src,
-                        prompt,
-                        band_small,
-                        tile_size=tile_size,
-                        overlap=overlap,
-                        stretch_params=stretch_params,
+                        overview_mask_small = np.zeros(
+                            (overview_img.height, overview_img.width), dtype=bool
                         )
-                    fine_mask = fine_probs_cpu > final_threshold
+                    else:
+                        overview_mask_small = (
+                            (overview_prob > cfg["overview_threshold"])
+                            .detach()
+                            .cpu()
+                            .numpy()
+                        )
+
+                    if sub_nodata.any():
+                        nodata_overview = sub_nodata[::overview_step, ::overview_step]
+                        overview_mask_small[nodata_overview] = False
+
+                    coarse_probs = coarse_tile_segmentation(
+                        processor=coarse_processor,
+                        src=sub_src,
+                        prompt=cfg["prompt"],
+                        tile_size=cfg["coarse_tile_size"],
+                        overlap=cfg["coarse_tile_overlap"],
+                        downsample_factor=cfg["coarse_downsample_factor"],
+                        stretch_params=stretch_params,
+                        nodata_mask=sub_nodata if sub_nodata.any() else None,
+                        use_tqdm=use_tqdm,
+                    )
+                    coarse_mask_lr = coarse_probs > cfg["coarse_threshold"]
+
+                    overview_mask_lr = np.array(
+                        Image.fromarray(
+                            overview_mask_small.astype(np.uint8), mode="L"
+                        ).resize(
+                            (coarse_mask_lr.shape[1], coarse_mask_lr.shape[0]),
+                            resample=Image.NEAREST,
+                        )
+                    ).astype(bool)
+                    combined_mask_lr = coarse_mask_lr | overview_mask_lr
+
+                    band_radius_lr = max(
+                        int(round(cfg["band_radius"] / float(cfg["coarse_downsample_factor"]))),
+                        1,
+                    )
+                    band_lr = _build_band_ndimage(combined_mask_lr, band_radius_lr)
+
+                    fine_probs = refine_tiles(
+                        processor=fine_processor,
+                        src=sub_src,
+                        prompt=cfg["prompt"],
+                        band_lr=band_lr,
+                        downsample_factor=cfg["coarse_downsample_factor"],
+                        tile_size=cfg["fine_tile_size"],
+                        overlap=cfg["fine_overlap"],
+                        stretch_params=stretch_params,
+                        use_tqdm=use_tqdm,
+                    )
+                    fine_mask = fine_probs > cfg["final_threshold"]
 
                     coarse_mask_full = np.array(
-                        Image.fromarray(overview_mask_cpu.astype(np.uint8), mode="L").resize(
+                        Image.fromarray(coarse_mask_lr.astype(np.uint8), mode="L").resize(
                             (region_w, region_h), resample=Image.NEAREST
                         )
                     ).astype(bool)
-                    sub_mask_np = (fine_mask | coarse_mask_full).astype(np.uint8)
+                    overview_mask_full = np.array(
+                        Image.fromarray(
+                            overview_mask_small.astype(np.uint8), mode="L"
+                        ).resize((region_w, region_h), resample=Image.NEAREST)
+                    ).astype(bool)
+                    sub_mask_np = (fine_mask | coarse_mask_full | overview_mask_full).astype(
+                        np.uint8
+                    )
 
-            # 合并到全尺寸掩码（重叠区域取最大值）
             full_mask[top:bottom, left:right] = np.maximum(
                 full_mask[top:bottom, left:right], sub_mask_np
             )
 
-            # 更新子区域进度条
-            region_pbar.update(1)
-
-    # ========== 后处理 ==========
-    print("\n后处理：填充内部NoData空洞...")
+        log("\n后处理：填充内部NoData空洞...")
         if nodata is not None:
-        band1 = src.read(1)
             if np.issubdtype(band1.dtype, np.floating):
                 nodata_mask = np.isclose(band1, float(nodata))
             else:
-            nodata_mask = (band1 == nodata)
+                nodata_mask = band1 == nodata
 
-        labeled_mask, num_features = ndimage.label(nodata_mask)
+            labeled_mask, _ = ndimage.label(nodata_mask)
             boundary_mask = np.zeros_like(nodata_mask, dtype=bool)
             boundary_mask[0, :] = True
             boundary_mask[-1, :] = True
@@ -368,27 +574,45 @@ with rasterio.open(image_path) as src:
             boundary_mask[:, -1] = True
 
             boundary_labels = set(labeled_mask[boundary_mask])
-        internal_nodata_mask = np.isin(labeled_mask, list(boundary_labels), invert=True) & nodata_mask
+            internal_nodata_mask = np.isin(
+                labeled_mask, list(boundary_labels), invert=True
+            ) & nodata_mask
 
             if internal_nodata_mask.any():
                 struct = ndimage.generate_binary_structure(2, 2)
-            internal_dilated = ndimage.binary_dilation(internal_nodata_mask, structure=struct, iterations=7)
+                internal_dilated = ndimage.binary_dilation(
+                    internal_nodata_mask, structure=struct, iterations=7
+                )
                 full_mask[internal_dilated] = 1
-            print(f"  内部NoData原始像素数: {np.sum(internal_nodata_mask)}，膨胀后像素数: {np.sum(internal_dilated)}")
+                log(
+                    f"  内部NoData原始像素数: {np.sum(internal_nodata_mask)}，膨胀后像素数: {np.sum(internal_dilated)}"
+                )
             else:
-            print("  无内部NoData区域")
+                log("  无内部NoData区域")
 
-    print("后处理：面积过滤...")
-    if min_area is not None or keep_largest_only:
+        log("后处理：面积过滤...")
+        if cfg["min_area"] is not None or cfg["keep_largest_only"]:
             original_count = np.sum(full_mask)
-        full_mask = filter_by_area(full_mask, min_area=min_area, keep_largest_only=keep_largest_only)
+            full_mask = filter_by_area(
+                full_mask,
+                min_area=cfg["min_area"],
+                keep_largest_only=cfg["keep_largest_only"],
+            )
             filtered_count = np.sum(full_mask)
-        print(f"  后处理前水体像素数: {original_count}，后处理后: {filtered_count}")
+            log(f"  后处理前水体像素数: {original_count}，后处理后: {filtered_count}")
 
-    # ========== 保存结果 ==========
         profile = src.profile.copy()
-    profile.update(count=1, dtype="uint8", compress='lzw')
+        profile.update(count=1, dtype="uint8", compress="lzw")
         with rasterio.open(mask_output_path, "w", **profile) as dst:
             dst.write(full_mask, 1)
 
-print(f"分割完成，结果已保存至：{mask_output_path}")
+    log(f"分割完成，结果已保存至：{mask_output_path}")
+
+
+def main():
+    matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
+    run_segmentation()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()